{\rtf1 {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green50\blue142;} {\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}} {\info{\title Test}{\author WCC HER}} {\footer\pard\ql\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brsp100\fs16 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council \par} \par\f0\fs32\qc\b WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD \b0\fs24 { \par\par\fs26 \trowd\trhdr\trgaph30\trbrdrt\trbrdrl\trbrdrr\trbrdrb\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8290\pard\intbl\qc\b Information for record number WA1985\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row } { \par\fs20 \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Site Name and Summary \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql A Neolithic settlement was found during an archaeological excavation. Pit clusters and post holes, possibly representing a rectangular building, were discovered. Flint artefacts, including an arrowhead, and pottery were found. The site was located near Brook Street, Warwick.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Type: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Settlement, Pit Cluster, Post Hole\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Period: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Early Neolithic - Early Bronze Age (4000 BC - 2351 BC)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Location \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Parish: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Warwick\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql District: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Warwick, Warwickshire\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Grid Reference: \cell\pard\intbl\ql SP 28 64\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Level of Protection \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Old SMR PrefRef \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Description \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Number \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b \par\b 1 \b0 1968: More than 30 shallow pits containing early Neolithic flints and pottery were found, together with a number of small post holes which may represent a rectangular building. Evidence is gradually accumulating for a settlement of some size and importance on the Warwick hilltop in early Neolithic times. There was also a fine 'Beaker-type' arrowhead. \par\b 2 \b0 1969: Further small pits containing Neolithic material were found. \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Sources \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Excavation Report\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql WMANS\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Taylor S and Farr M\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1968\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 5\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 11\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Serial\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql WMANS no 12 (1969)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Rahtz, P (ed)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1969\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 12\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Word or Phrase\b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql\b Description\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WMANS\cell\pard\intbl\ql West Midlands Archaeological News Sheet, a publication that was produced each year, this later became West Midlands Archaeology. The West Midlands Arcaheological News Sheet contains reports about archaeological work that was carried out in the West Midlands region in the previous year. It includes information about sites dating from the Prehistoric to the Post Medieval periods. It was produced the Department of Extramural Studies at Birmingham University. Copies are held at the Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Record.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Excavation (also known as 'digging')\cell\pard\intbl\ql Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use. \par\parDepending on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery. Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench.[more] \par\parAn important part of any archaeological excavation is the recording of artefacts and deposits with measurements, plans and photographs. Archaeologists are just as interested in finding information about the context of artefacts as they are in the artefacts themselves. \par\parDuring an excavation, archaeologists will recover many kinds of samples. In addition to recording common artefacts, such as pieces of pottery, archaeologists take environmental samples. This is done so that they can find other materials such as pollen, plant parts, human and animal bone, and shell.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Neolithic\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 4000 BC to 2351 BC\par\parThe word ‘Neolithic’ means ‘New Stone Age’. Archaeologists split up the Neolithic period into three phases; early, middle and late. The Neolithic period comes after the Mesolithic period and before the Bronze Age.\par\parPeople in the Neolithic period hunted and gathered food as their ancestors had but they were also began to farm. They kept animals and grew crops. This meant that they were able to settle more permanently in one location instead of constantly moving from place to place to look for food.[more] \par\parArchaeologists have discovered some of these settlements in Warwickshire, for example at Wasperton and Brook Street, Warwick.\par\parNot only is there evidence for settlement in Neolithic times but also ceremonial sites, such as henges and cursus monuments, although these are less common in Warwickshire than in some other parts of Britain. The size of some of these monuments, and the number of people it would have taken to build them, suggest that people were living in societies that were more organised at this time. Warwickshire examples include a henge, a circular enclosure defined by a bank and ditch that was excavated at Further Lodge, Barford. Nearby, at Barford Sheds, a long, narrow rectangular enclosure is visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs. This might be a cursus monument. \par\parLong barrows, in which people buried the dead during the Neolithic period, are also uncommon in Warwickshire. One possible example exists near Thelsford Farm, Charlcote. It was identified as a rectilinear enclosure visible as a cropmark. Excavation showed that there was once an internal mound.\par\parIt was during the Neolithic period that people first made pottery. Neolithic pottery is handmade (i.e. not wheel-turned). The clay from which it is made often contains pieces of burnt flint or other stone, which makes the pottery quite coarse. The inclusion of the flint and stone helped the pots withstand very high temperatures when they were fired and when they were used for cooking on a fire. Some Neolithic pots were decorated with incised and stamped patterns.\par\parBy far the most common Neolithic remains in Warwickshire are the many flint and stone tools that have been discovered. Some of the stone axes found in the county were made of stone from Wales and Cumbria. This suggests that some sort of exchange or trade network was operating during the Neolithic period.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Bronze Age\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 2500 BC to 700 BC\par\parThe Bronze Age comes after the Neolithic period and before the Iron Age.\par\parThe day to day life of people in the Bronze Age probably changed little from how their ancestors had lived during the Neolithic period. They still lived in farmsteads, growing crops and rearing animals. \par\parDuring the Bronze Age people discovered how to use bronze, an alloy of tin and copper (hence the name that has given to this era). They used it to make their tools and other objects, although they continued to use flint and a range of organic materials as well. A range of bronze axes, palstaves and spears has been found in Warwickshire.[more]\par\parPeople continued to use henges and cursus monuments during the early Bronze Age but later in this period these ceremonial monuments appear to have fallen out of use. There was a shift away from mass burial of the dead, in long barrows, to individual burials, in round barrows. In the middle and late Bronze Age people were buried in cremation cemeteries instead of round barrows. There is more evidence for settlement from this period and a number of Warwickshire’s sites are visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs. \par\parIn the 19th century, archaeologists excavated a number of round barrows in the southwest of England. Many of the barrows contained ‘beakers’, distinctive bell-shaped, decorated drinking vessels. The archaeologists at this time thought that the people buried in the barrows belonged to a different race that had invaded Britain and brought with them new skills that were superior to those of the native population. Because the grave goods of these people usually included beakers, the 19th century archaeologists named them the ‘Beaker People’ or ‘Beaker Folk’. Modern research, however, has shown that 'Beaker Culture' was not limited to a distinctive group of people. It is more likely that innovations, introduced from Europe, through immigrants and by trade links, were adopted by the native population of Britain.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SITE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SETTLEMENT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A small concentration of dwellings.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BUILDING\cell\pard\intbl\ql A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PIT CLUSTER\cell\pard\intbl\ql A spatially discrete group of pits usually containing artefactual material with little or no accompanying evidence for structural features.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PIT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of excavation. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql POST HOLE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A hole dug to provide a firm base for an upright post, often with stone packing. Use broader monument type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row } }
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