{\rtf1 {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green50\blue142;} {\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}} {\info{\title Test}{\author WCC HER}} {\footer\pard\ql\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brsp100\fs16 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council \par} \par\f0\fs32\qc\b WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD \b0\fs24 { \par\par\fs26 \trowd\trhdr\trgaph30\trbrdrt\trbrdrl\trbrdrr\trbrdrb\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8290\pard\intbl\qc\b Information for record number WA4713\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row } { \par\fs20 \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Site Name and Summary \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Linear features of unknown date, possibly forming an enclosure, are visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs. They are situated 100m south of Alcester Hospital. Nearby, a possible related feature was recorded in an archaeological evaluation suggesting that this cropmark might be part of a ridge and furrow field system.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Type: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Linear Feature, Enclosure, Ridge And Furrow?\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Period: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Medieval - Post-Medieval (1066 AD - 1750 AD)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Location \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Parish: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Alcester\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql District: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Grid Reference: \cell\pard\intbl\ql SP 09 57\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Level of Protection \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Old SMR PrefRef \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Description \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Number \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b \par\b 2 \b0 Linear features, possibly forming enclosures, show as crop marks. \par\b 3 \b0 During evaluation in 1995 to the north, a single gully was observed perpendicular to this cropmark, and it is suggested that they might all be part of a ridge and furrow field system in this area. \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Sources \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Aerial Photograph\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql SP1356\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql JP\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1965\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql SP1356: A, C, E;SP14\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 3\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Evaluation Report\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Archaeological Evaluation at St Benedict's R.C. High School\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Jones G C\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1995\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Verbal communication\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Verbal communication\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Palmer S C\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2001\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Word or Phrase\b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql\b Description\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Cropmark\cell\pard\intbl\ql Cropmarks appear as light and dark marks in growing and ripening crops. These marks relate to differences in the soil below. For example, parched lines of grass may indicate stone walls. Crops that grow over stone features often ripen more quickly and are shorter than the surrounding crop. This is because there is less moisture in the soil where the wall lies. \par[more]\parWhere crops appear to be greener and are taller, they may be growing over features such as pits and ditches where there is more moisture in the soil than the surrounding area. \par\parMany archaeological sites are visible as cropmarks. They are difficult to spot at ground level so archaeologists carry out aerial surveys to help them see the sites clearly.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Aerial Survey/Aerial Photographs\cell\pard\intbl\ql Aerial photographs are taken during an aerial survey, which involves looking at the ground from above. It is usually easier to see cropmarks and earthworks when they are viewed from above. Aerial photographs help archaeologists to record what they see and to identify new sites. There are two kinds of aerial photographs; oblique and vertical.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Medieval\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)\par\parThe medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.\par\parThe Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. \parThis was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. \parThe Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. \par \parThe end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages.[more]\par\parThe Normans are well known for building the first motte and bailey castles. There are a number of these in Warwickshire. Brinklow Castle and Boteler’s Castle, near Alcester, are fine examples. Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle began their long histories as motte and bailey castles.\par\parSettlement\parThe Domesday Book was written in the reign of William the Conqueror. It was completed in about 1086 AD. \parIt is a detailed statement of lands held by the king and his tenants and of the resources that went with those lands, for example which manors belonged to which estates. \parDomesday Book was probably put together so that William knew how much tax he was getting from the country. It provides archaeologists and historians with a detailed picture of the size of settlements and the population at the beginning of the medieval period. Many of these settlements were later deserted as a result of a number of causes, including changes to land tenure. In other cases the focal point of settlements physically shifted. Either way, Warwickshire is well known for the contrast in types of settlement between the Arden area of the north west and the Feldon area of the south and east. In the Arden area medieval settlements were of the small, dispersed type, whilst in the Feldon area the settlements developed into nucleated villages. Some medieval deserted settlements in Warwickshire can still be traced as earthworks. A good example exists at Wormleighton. \par\parTraces of medieval farming survive in many parts of Warwickshire as earthworks of ridge and furrow cultivation. Ridge and furrow earthworks show where the land was ploughed so that crops could be grown. The ridges and furrows formed because successive years of ploughing caused the soil to be drawn up into ridges whilst the furrows lying between them became deeper. The fields were ploughed using a team of oxen pulling a small plough, which was very difficult to turn. This accounts for why the land was ploughed in long strips and why fields were left open i.e. without hedges, fences or walls dividing up the land into smaller pockets.\par\parFarms were much smaller in the medieval period. The people who farmed the land did not own it. The land belonged to the lord of the manor. The people farming the land were simply tenants who worked a strip of land or maybe several strips. This is why medieval farming is sometimes called strip farming. \par\parTowns\parAt the time that Domesday Book was written the only town in what is now called Warwickshire was Warwick. Documentary evidence shows us that as the years went on more and more markets appeared in the county. By 1450 there were forty. \par\parThe towns that grew around the markets were different from the surrounding villages in their appearance and the type of people who lived in them. They were larger than the villages and had a more complicated network of streets and lanes. The towns had an open space in the centre where a market was held each week. The houses and workshops that lined the streets had long narrow strips of land behind them called tenements. Some historic maps show these medieval build\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SCHOOL\cell\pard\intbl\ql An establishment in which people, usually children, are taught.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql RIDGE AND FURROW\cell\pard\intbl\ql A series of long, raised ridges separated by ditches used to prepare the ground for arable cultivation. This was a technique, characteristic of the medieval period.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FEATURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Areas of indeterminate function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql GULLY\cell\pard\intbl\ql A deep gutter, drain or sink.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql LINEAR FEATURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A length of straight, curved or angled earthwork or cropmark of uncertain date or function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FIELD SYSTEM\cell\pard\intbl\ql A group or complex of fields which appear to form a coherent whole. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ENCLOSURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql An area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or other similar barrier. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql HOSPITAL\cell\pard\intbl\ql An establishment providing medical or surgical treatment for the ill or wounded. Use narrower term where possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row } }
Take the Timetrail with Warwickshire Museum