{\rtf1 {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green50\blue142;} {\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}} {\info{\title Test}{\author WCC HER}} {\footer\pard\ql\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brsp100\fs16 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council \par} \par\f0\fs32\qc\b WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD \b0\fs24 { \par\par\fs26 \trowd\trhdr\trgaph30\trbrdrt\trbrdrl\trbrdrr\trbrdrb\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8290\pard\intbl\qc\b Information for record number WA7333\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row } { \par\fs20 \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Site Name and Summary \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Mid 18th century gardens, pleasure grounds and park with landscape structures, owned and constructed by Sanderson Miller.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Type: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Landscape Park, Formal Garden, Drive, Pond, Rock Garden, Garden Terrace, Ha Ha, Topiary Garden, Rose Garden, Pool, Cascade, Water Garden, Walk, Kitchen Garden\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Period: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Modern (1739 AD - 2050 AD)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Location \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Parish: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Radway\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql District: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Grid Reference: \cell\pard\intbl\ql SP 37 47\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Level of Protection \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Old SMR PrefRef \parRegistered Park or Garden (Grade: II*) \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Description \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Number \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b \par\b 1 \b0 \par\b 10 \b0 Radway Grange is situated in the centre of the village of Radway at the foot of the Edge Hill escarpmen. The 45 heactre site comprises some 3 heactres of gardens around the house, 19 heactres of park, and 23 heactres of woodland with walks and ornamental structures on the west-facing slope of Edge Hill. Radway Grange is approached from the village street, the entrance is formed by low stone walls set at right-angles to the gravelled drive. The drive extends 70m south-west and is flanked to the south-east by a narrow lawn, beyond which a stone wall 3m high encloses the kitchen garden. Some 25m south-west of the entrance a mid 18th century stone statue of Caractacus in chains stands against the wall. To the north-west the drive adjoins level lawns. Turning sharply south-east the drive passes through a gabled, two-storey stone gatehouse to enter a gravelled entrance court. The court, formed from the stable yard by Morley Horder in the early 20th century, is enclosed to the east by a cobbled terrace and the 17th century stables, which are joined to the main house to the south by a wing built by Morley Horder. To the south-west the court is enclosed by a stone wall in which a wrought-iron gate set in a rusticated stone mid 18th century doorway leads to the gardens. Raised beds are retained by drystone walls, while to the west and north-west lawns extend to borders below the stone kitchen garden walls. Topiary yew birds stand adjacent to the walls, while to the north-west the gabled 17th century dovecote adjoins a service drive which leads east to further stables and thence south-east to the park. Prior to the creation of Morley Horder's early 20th century gatehouse and entrance on the north façade of the house, the entrance was situated on the west façade. The drive extended south-west to reach a large carriage circle on the west side of the house. A further drive enters the site from the Tower at the summit of Edge Hill, 720m south-east of the house. This drive, today a steep, rough track, descends through woodland on the escarpment north-east for 130m before turning sharply west to enter the park. The drive continues as a grassy track north-west through the park, turning sharply north-east 320m south-east of the house before resuming a course north-west to reach the service quarters and stables north-east of the house. This drive, developed by Miller in the mid 18th century from an earlier track linking Radway and Edge Granges, is unlikely to have been used as a carriage approach due to its steep gradient. PRINCIPAL BUILDING Radway Grange stands on level ground below the foot of Edge Hill, towards the northern boundary of the site. The three-storey house is approximately square on plan, and is constructed in Hornton stone. gardenS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS Formal gardens lie immediately to the west and east of the house, with lawns and informal pleasure grounds to the south and west. An irregular-shaped pond fed by water piped under the house from Edge Hill lies 50m west of the house. To the south-west of the pond an early 20th century rock garden constructed from limestone incorporates an artificial stream. The pond is separated from early and late 20th century Formal gardens adjacent to the house by informal lawns; a late 20th century rectangular, stone-edged swimming pool is aligned from north to south below the Formal garden. To the north of the lawn, the late 18th century Chatham urn stands on a square stone pedestal. The Formal garden below the west façade of the house comprises a gravelled upper terrace, retained by stone walls, which connects with a wrought-iron gate set in the entrance court wall to the north. A shallow flight of stone steps descends to a wide, stone-flagged walk flanked by herbaceous borders. A further flight of stone steps descends to the lawn and swimming pool. The terrace, stone-flagged walk and herbaceous borders replaced the 19th century carriage circle, and were laid out by Morley Horder in the early 1920s. South of the house a lawn is separated from the park by a mid 18th century drystone ha-ha. The ha-ha sweeps in an arc east and north to enclose the gardens east of the house, before turning east to enclose the topiary garden to the north-east. The Formal garden below the east façade comprises a square enclosure bounded to the west and north by the house, and to the south and east by low yew hedges. The garden is divided into quarters by cruciform stone-flagged walks which converge on a central, raised octagonal stone basin. The quarters are laid out with a parterre of box ribbons and spires on a gravel base. This late 20th century east garden designed by Rupert Golby replaces a formal rose garden laid out by Morley Horder in the early 20th century which had as its central feature an early 18th century baluster sundial. To the north-east of the east garden, a late 20th century gravelled sitting area leads to a gravel walk extending 50m north-east parallel to the ha-ha to reach the park. An area of late 20th century informal pleasure grounds lies to the south-west of the south lawn, and south of the pond. Separated from the park by late 20th century metal estate fencing, this area comprises a late 20th century hard tennis court 50m south-west of the house, together with late 20th century ancillary BUILDINGs, with areas of informal tree planting designed by Rupert Golby. park The park lies on the lower, west-facing slope of Edge Hill to the south-east of Radway Grange and incorporates the remains of mid 18th century pleasure grounds created by Sanderson Miller. Today the park remains pasture with scattered mature deciduous trees and groups of trees concentrated on the upper slope. Some 200m south-east of the house, the park is divided from north-east to south-west by a late 20th century timber post and rail fence set in a late 20th century ha-ha. Two further parallel ditches run from north-east to south-west across the park 530m and 670m south-east of the house. A raised bank running parallel to the south-west boundary of the park ascends 190m south-east to an overgrown, roughly circular pool. The bank continues south-east and parallel to the park boundary for 270m to the boundary of woodland on the upper slopes of Edge Hill. The banks represent the remains of a boundary walk laid out by Miller in the mid 18th century which would have enjoyed views north across the park and south-west across the Vale of the Red Horse. Some 600m south-east of the house, a rectangular pool aligned from south-east to north-west and flanked by a single row of mature limes lies adjacent to the upper boundary of the park. Some 50m north-west and below the pool, a Hornton stone obelisk erected in 1834 stands on a mound. Below and to the south-east of the mound a horseshoe-shaped depression leads into a further narrow depression which extends 50m north-west to a sharp drop in level where there are some fragments of exposed stone. This sharp drop represents Miller's cascade, constructed in 1739. To the north-east of the site of the cascade, a patch of brambles corresponds to the site of the St Thomas' Well marked by Salmon on his map of 1756. A plantation of deciduous trees 190m north-west of the obelisk and 400m south-east of the house contains a rectangular monastic pool. Known as the Long pool and aligned from north-east to south-west, the pool was adapted by Miller as the lowest feature in the mid 18th century water garden. To the north-east the park is bounded by a narrow plantation through which a stream flows north-west from woodland on the upper slope of Edge Hill. This plantation formed a mid 18th century boundary walk which followed the stream. The boundary plantation turns sharply south-west adjacent to the south-east boundary of Ivy Lodge, and today terminates to the north-east of an area of paddock 270m east-south-east of the house. In the late 19th century the plantation continued along the south-east boundary of the paddock to connect with shrubbery 240m south-east of the house, adjacent to a pond and an early 20th century timber barn. A late 20th century manege has been constructed on the site of the shrubbery to the north of the pond, and is surrounded by young trees and shrubs. kitchen garden The kitchen garden lies 50m north of the house, immediately to the north of the entrance court. Enclosed to the west and south-west by high stone walls, the inner faces of which are lined with brick, the garden is entered from the drive to the north-west of the early 20th century gatehouse through an 18th century rusticated arch which is closed by an early 20th century wrought-iron gate. A further entrance closed by late 20th century wrought-iron gates leads from the stable court north of the dovecote. To the north the garden is enclosed by a cottage, while to the east it is adjoined by the stables and dovecote. A late 20th century, single-storey, octagonal tile-roofed shelter and toilet is built into the south-west wall to the east of the entrance arch. The garden remains in full cultivation and is divided unequally in two by a brick path surmounted by gothic rose arches which runs west from the entrance adjacent to the dovecote. To the north the garden is laid out with espalier fruit trees separated by narrow grass paths while to the south four vegetable beds are separated by cruciform grass paths which converge on an octagonal late 20th century stone font. Fruit trees are trained against the west wall. The present kitchen garden corresponds to Miller's mid 18th century kitchen garden which was probably created after 1756 when cottages or BUILDINGs to the west were cleared. OTHER LAND The site includes ornamental woodland, walks and landscape structures on the upper slopes of Edge Hill. Some 720m south-east of the house the Tower stands on the crest of the escarpment, forming a prominent landmark within the estate and beyond across south Warwickshire. To the east of the Tower, and connected to it by a timber footbridge, a gatehouse comprises a ramped approach from the east which passes between flanking walls to reach a pair of square-section Towers. The south Tower rises through three storeys with a crenellated parapet, while the north Tower today terminates in a sloping tile roof, but was designed as a ruin. The mid 18th century drive which descends the escarpment adjacent to the Tower joins a level terrace which extends 270m north-east along the upper boundary of the park. The terrace is today continued by a track which leads 800m north-north-east through deciduous woodland on Edge Hill. A further walk leads south-west from the terrace above the park. Some 80m south-west of the terrace a level semicircular bastion, the outer, western side of which is planted with a single row of mature limes, is the site of a circular summerhouse marked on Salmon's map (1756). Some 130m beyond the site of the summerhouse, and at a lower level adjacent to the park boundary, rubble survives from a small mid 18th century rectangular barn or stable which had an ornamental gothic façade in stucco. The walk continues for 500m south-west through woodland to join King John's Lane 1km south of the house. \par\b 2 \b0 Grounds laid out from 1740. Survive little changed apart from 1920s garden, though has been some intrusive development. features include boundary planting, woodland, ponds, drives, Tower, obelisk and pleasure grounds. \par\b 3 \b0 park designed by Miller as a unified landscape on slopes between Radway Grange and Edge Hill Tower; Gothic revival features were possibly inspired by Medieval and Civil War associations of site. Some documentary evidence for development, including Miller's diaries 1749-50. features include: cascade c1740, Egge Cottage 1743-4, Edge Hill Tower slightly later, gatehouse and artificial ruins (not extant) 1750. Estate remained in Miller family until 1916, with added features including obelisk (1854). New owners in the 1920s made changes to the gardens immediately around the house, adding a topiary garden and formal rose garden. Estate has since been divided and much of parkland is in agricultural use, which detracts from overall unity. \par\b 9 \b0 Investigation of the age of trees felled in Castle wood was carried out to investigate whether these beeches were planted in the mid-18th century by Sanderson Miller as part of the landscape design for his new park at Radway Grange. The setimated planting dates for the trees was 1768 to 1774. This is the period after which Miller had acquired the scarp edge following his enclosure of Radway in 1756, so fits Well with his landscaping activities, but they are not the 103 beeches received from Sir Edward Turner noted in his accounts for January 1756, however it does confirm that he containued to plant Edgehill escarpment up to 1777. \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Sources \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 9\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Article in serial\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Radway, Warwickshire: the making of a landscape\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Wood, A. & Hawkes, W.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1987\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 103-130\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 7:2\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Bibliographic reference\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Register of Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql English Heritage\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1994\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Bibliographic reference\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Warwickshire Register Review Data Tables (Stratford on Avon)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Lovie, Jonathan\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1997\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 3\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Bibliographic reference\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Warwickshire Register Review Report & Recommendations\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Lovie, Jonathan\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1997\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 10\cell\pard\intbl\row 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\trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Map\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 52SW 1:10560 1886\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Ordnance Survey\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1886\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 52SW\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 6\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Map\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 52NW 1:10560 1923\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Ordnance Survey\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1923\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 52NW\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 7\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Map\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 52SW 1:10560 1928\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Ordnance Survey\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1928\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 52SW\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 8\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Map\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Greenwood's Map of the County of Warwick 1822\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Greenwood C & J\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1822\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Word or Phrase\b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql\b Description\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Documentary Evidence\cell\pard\intbl\ql Documentary evidence is another name for written records. The first written records in Britain date back to the Roman period. Documentary evidence can take many different forms, including maps, charters, letters and written accounts. When archaeologists are researching a site, they often start by looking at documentary evidence to see if there are clues that will help them understand what they might find. Documentary evidence can help archaeologists understand sites that are discovered during an excavation, field survey or aerial survey. \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Modern\cell\pard\intbl\ql The Modern Period, about 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)\par\parIn recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related.[more]\par\parOne of these events is the Second World War (1939 – 1945). The war began when Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. This happened because Adolf Hitler invaded Poland despite earlier promises that he would not. Several months later he invaded France. With the Germans sitting just over the other side of the English Channel, Britain feared that it too would be invaded. To stop this happening, defences were quickly built along the coasts and transport routes. New airfields were also built so that British planes could prevent the Germans bombing the country. \par\parArchaeological sites relating to the war are still visible in Warwickshire. Pillboxes were built to defend the main roads, canals and railways. One example exists at Butler’s Leap, Clifton on Dunsmore. This pillbox was built to defend the Oxford Canal. There is another pillbox along the same canal near Priors Hardwick.\par\parA number of new airfields were built in Warwickshire during the Second World War. Some of these were used for training aircrew. One such airfield was located at Church Lawford. At some of the airfield sites the runways are still visible, as are some of the buildings associated with the airfield such as pillboxes, air raid shelters and battle headquarters.\par\parThe end of the war came with the devastating explosion of the first nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. In the 1950s the more powerful countries in the world started to make their own nuclear bombs. This led to a period of mistrust and rivalry between Western countries (America and Britain) and powers such as the Soviet Union. This period is known as the Cold War and was a time when the threat of nuclear attack on Britain became an alarming possibility. \par\parIn order to monitor the possibility of attacks and their aftermath if they actually happened, a network of underground monitoring posts were built. Some of them were built in Warwickshire, one example being at Church Lawford. \par\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Medieval\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)\par\parThe medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.\par\parThe Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. \parThis was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. \parThe Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. \par \parThe end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages.[more]\par\parThe Normans are well known for building the first motte and bailey castles. There are a number of these in Warwickshire. Brinklow Castle and Boteler’s Castle, near Alcester, are fine examples. Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle began their long histories as motte and bailey castles.\par\parSettlement\parThe Domesday Book was written in the reign of William the Conqueror. It was completed in about 1086 AD. \parIt is a detailed statement of lands held by the king and his tenants and of the resources that went with those lands, for example which manors belonged to which estates. \parDomesday Book was probably put together so that William knew how much tax he was getting from the country. It provides archaeologists and historians with a detailed picture of the size of settlements and the population at the beginning of the medieval period. Many of these settlements were later deserted as a result of a number of causes, including changes to land tenure. In other cases the focal point of settlements physically shifted. Either way, Warwickshire is well known for the contrast in types of settlement between the Arden area of the north west and the Feldon area of the south and east. In the Arden area medieval settlements were of the small, dispersed type, whilst in the Feldon area the settlements developed into nucleated villages. Some medieval deserted settlements in Warwickshire can still be traced as earthworks. A good example exists at Wormleighton. \par\parTraces of medieval farming survive in many parts of Warwickshire as earthworks of ridge and furrow cultivation. Ridge and furrow earthworks show where the land was ploughed so that crops could be grown. The ridges and furrows formed because successive years of ploughing caused the soil to be drawn up into ridges whilst the furrows lying between them became deeper. The fields were ploughed using a team of oxen pulling a small plough, which was very difficult to turn. This accounts for why the land was ploughed in long strips and why fields were left open i.e. without hedges, fences or walls dividing up the land into smaller pockets.\par\parFarms were much smaller in the medieval period. The people who farmed the land did not own it. The land belonged to the lord of the manor. The people farming the land were simply tenants who worked a strip of land or maybe several strips. This is why medieval farming is sometimes called strip farming. \par\parTowns\parAt the time that Domesday Book was written the only town in what is now called Warwickshire was Warwick. Documentary evidence shows us that as the years went on more and more markets appeared in the county. By 1450 there were forty. \par\parThe towns that grew around the markets were different from the surrounding villages in their appearance and the type of people who lived in them. They were larger than the villages and had a more complicated network of streets and lanes. The towns had an open space in the centre where a market was held each week. The houses and workshops that lined the streets had long narrow strips of land behind them called tenements. Some historic maps show these medieval build\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql modern\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)\par\parIn recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related.[more]\par\parOne of these events is the Second World War (1939 – 1945). The war began when Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. This happened because Adolf Hitler invaded Poland despite earlier promises that he would not. Several months later he invaded France. With the Germans sitting just over the other side of the English Channel, Britain feared that it too would be invaded. To stop this happening, defences were quickly built along the coasts and transport routes. New airfields were also built so that British planes could prevent the Germans bombing the country. \par\parArchaeological sites relating to the war are still visible in Warwickshire. Pillboxes were built to defend the main roads, canals and railways. One example exists at Butler’s Leap, Clifton on Dunsmore. This pillbox was built to defend the Oxford Canal. There is another pillbox along the same canal near Priors Hardwick.\par\parA number of new airfields were built in Warwickshire during the Second World War. Some of these were used for training aircrew. One such airfield was located at Church Lawford. At some of the airfield sites the runways are still visible, as are some of the buildings associated with the airfield such as pillboxes, air raid shelters and battle headquarters.\par\parThe end of the war came with the devastating explosion of the first nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. In the 1950s the more powerful countries in the world started to make their own nuclear bombs. This led to a period of mistrust and rivalry between Western countries (America and Britain) and powers such as the Soviet Union. This period is known as the Cold War and was a time when the threat of nuclear attack on Britain became an alarming possibility. \par\parIn order to monitor the possibility of attacks and their aftermath if they actually happened, a network of underground monitoring posts were built. Some of them were built in Warwickshire, one example being at Church Lawford. \par\parMilitary monuments are not the only 20th century sites that are recorded on the Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Record. Other sites include, for example, the hydroelectric power station at Alscot built in 1912, a BBC radio transmitter site at Brinklow Heath built in 1966, and the modern memorial to the Battle of Edgehill, which was erected in 1949.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql DOVECOTE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building, or part of a building, used to house doves and pigeons, usually placed at a height above the ground, with openings and provision inside for roosting and breeding.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql YARD\cell\pard\intbl\ql A paved area, generally found at the back of a house.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql POOL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A small body of water, either natural or artificial.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ROSE GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A garden, often geometrical in layout, or area for the cultivation of roses.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TOILET\cell\pard\intbl\ql A small room or building containing a lavatory and, in more recent times, washing facilities.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql CIVIL\cell\pard\intbl\ql This is the top term for the class. See CIVIL Class List for narrow terms.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql GRANGE\cell\pard\intbl\ql An outlying farm or estate, usually belonging to a religious order or feudal lord. Specifically related to core buildings and structures associated with monastic land holding. Use specific term where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PADDOCK\cell\pard\intbl\ql An enclosed field for horses.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql HOUSE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql VILLAGE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A collection of dwelling-houses and other buildings, usually larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a simpler organisation and administration than the latter.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SITE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql HARD\cell\pard\intbl\ql A firm beach or foreshore used for landing and loading of ships and other vessels. In more recent times hards have been reinforced with concrete.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql HERBACEOUS BORDER\cell\pard\intbl\ql A long bed planted with perennial flowers and plants.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BORDER\cell\pard\intbl\ql A strip of ground forming a fringe to a garden. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql KITCHEN GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A private garden established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql LODGE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A small building, often inhabited by a gatekeeper, gamekeeper or similar. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TOPIARY GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A garden containing trees or shrubs pruned and trained into various geometric, zoomorphic or fantastic shapes.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BUILDING\cell\pard\intbl\ql A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql STONE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Use only where stone is natural or where there is no indication of function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FORMAL GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A garden of regular, linear or geometrical design, often associated with the traditional Italian, French and Dutch styles.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PARK\cell\pard\intbl\ql An enclosed piece of land, generally large in area, used for hunting, the cultivation of trees, for grazing sheep and cattle or visual enjoyment. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ARCH\cell\pard\intbl\ql A structure over an opening usually formed of wedge-shaped blocks of brick or stone held together by mutual pressure and supported at the sides; they can also be formed from moulded concrete/ cast metal. A component; use for free-standing structure only.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BOUNDARY\cell\pard\intbl\ql The limit to an area as defined on a map or by a marker of some form, eg. BOUNDARY WALL. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql URN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A garden ornament, usually of stone or metal, designed in the the form of a vase used to receive the ashes of the dead.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FEATURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Areas of indeterminate function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TOWER\cell\pard\intbl\ql A tall building, either round, square or polygonal in plan, used for a variety of purposes, including defence, as a landmark, for the hanging of bells, industrial functions, etc. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql POND\cell\pard\intbl\ql A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql DRIVE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A road/carriage way giving access from the main road to the house, stables.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql OBELISK\cell\pard\intbl\ql A tall, tapering pillar with a pyramidal top, generally square on plan. Used in England from the late 16th century as a public, funerary or garden monument.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PATH\cell\pard\intbl\ql A way made for pedestrians, especially one merely made by walking (often not specially constructed).\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SHELTER\cell\pard\intbl\ql A structure which protects an area of ground from the weather.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WALK\cell\pard\intbl\ql A place or path for walking in a park or garden. Use more specific type where possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql CASTLE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A fortress and dwelling, usually medieval in origin, and often consisting of a keep, curtain wall and towers etc.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TENNIS COURT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A prepared area, traditionally grass, where tennis is played.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PEDESTAL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A concrete, cylindrical pedestal on which a spigot mortar was mounted. The pedestal is often the only evidence for a Spigot Mortar emplacement to survive.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PASTURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A field covered with herbage for the grazing of livestock.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PARTERRE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A level space in a garden occupied by ornamental flower beds.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SQUARE ENCLOSURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A square shaped area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or similar barrier. Small square enclosures (with sides of less than c.20m) have been interpreted as the remains of square barrows of Iron Age date.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql GATEHOUSE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A gateway with one or more chambers over the entrance arch; the flanking towers housing stairs and additional rooms. Use with wider site type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WELL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A shaft or pit dug in the ground over a supply of spring-water.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql CASCADE\cell\pard\intbl\ql An artificial fall of water often taking the form of a water staircase.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ENCLOSURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql An area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or other similar barrier. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WOOD\cell\pard\intbl\ql A tract of land with trees, sometimes acting as a boundary or barrier, usually smaller and less wild than a forest.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BASTION\cell\pard\intbl\ql A flanking tower, or projection from the main walls of a defensive work from which a garrison can defend the ground in front or on the flank.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FONT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A vessel, usually made of stone, which contains the consecrated water for baptism. Use a broader monument type if possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql DITCH\cell\pard\intbl\ql A long and narrow hollow or trench dug in the ground, often used to carry water though it may be dry for much of the year.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FOOTBRIDGE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A narrow bridge for people and animals to cross on foot.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SQUARE\cell\pard\intbl\ql An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WATER GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A garden incorporating fountains and pools in which aquatic and other water-loving plants are grown.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ROCK GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A garden consisting primarily of rocks and rock plants.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SUMMERHOUSE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building in a garden or park designed to provide a shady retreat from the heat of the sun.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql GARDEN\cell\pard\intbl\ql An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables and/or recreational purposes. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql STRUCTURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BARN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building for the storage and processing of grain crops and for housing straw, farm equipment and occasionally livestock and their fodder. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SUNDIAL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A structure used to show the time of day by means of the sun shining on a 'gnomon', the shadow of which falls on the surface of the dial which is marked with a diagram showing the hours. Can be freestanding, usually on a pillar, or fixed to a building.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql HEDGE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Usually a row of bushes or small trees planted closely together to form a boundary between pieces of land or at the sides of a road.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql STABLE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building in which horses are accommodated.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PLANTATION\cell\pard\intbl\ql A group of planted trees or shrubs, generally of uniform age and of a single species.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ROW\cell\pard\intbl\ql A row of buildings built during different periods, as opposed to a TERRACE. \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql GATE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A movable stucture which enables or prevents entrance to be gained. Usually situated in a wall or similar barrier and supported by gate posts.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql LAWN\cell\pard\intbl\ql A flat, and usually level area of mown and cultivated grass, attached to a house.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql STEPS\cell\pard\intbl\ql A series of flat-topped structures, usually made of stone or wood, used to facilitate a person's movement from one level to another.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql STREAM\cell\pard\intbl\ql A natural flow or current of water issuing from a source.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql MOUND\cell\pard\intbl\ql A natural or artificial elevation of earth or stones, such as the earth heaped upon a grave. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FENCE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A construction of wood or metal used to enclose an area of land, a building, etc.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SHRUBBERY\cell\pard\intbl\ql A plantation of shrubs.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SWIMMING POOL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A large, manmade pool, usually lined with tiles, rubber or similar. Can be placed in the open air, eg. a LIDO, or built as part of a covered sports centre.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WALL\cell\pard\intbl\ql An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql STATUE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A representation in the round of a living being, allegorical personage, eminent person or animal, etc, sculptured, moulded or cast in marble, metal, plaster, etc.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SCARP\cell\pard\intbl\ql A steep bank or slope. In fortifications, the bank or wall immediately in front of and below the rampart.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TERRACE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A row of houses attached to and adjoining one another and planned and built as one unit.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql RAISED BED\cell\pard\intbl\ql A bed raised above the level of the surrounding walks. A common feature of medieval and Renaissance gardens.\cell\pard\intbl\row } }
Take the Timetrail with Warwickshire Museum