{\rtf1 {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green50\blue142;} {\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}} {\info{\title Test}{\author WCC HER}} {\footer\pard\ql\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brsp100\fs16 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council \par} \par\f0\fs32\qc\b WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD \b0\fs24 { \par\par\fs26 \trowd\trhdr\trgaph30\trbrdrt\trbrdrl\trbrdrr\trbrdrb\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8290\pard\intbl\qc\b Information for record number WA8735\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row } { \par\fs20 \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Site Name and Summary \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Excavation of this site in advance of quarrying, found evidence of Iron Age activity, including a post hole, pits, elongated features and pottery with finger tip decoration. The location was at Church Hill, Burton Dassett.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Type: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Pit, Post Hole, Settlement\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Period: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Iron Age (800 BC - 42 AD)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Location \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Parish: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Burton Dassett\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql District: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Grid Reference: \cell\pard\intbl\ql SP 40 51\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Level of Protection \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Old SMR PrefRef \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Description \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Number \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b \par\b 1 \b0 During an excavation, EWA6722, in advance of quarrying for roadstone for the M40, evidence of Iron Age activity was recorded. An east-west linear spread of features, a posthole, ten pits and two elongated features were exposed. The pits and postholes were of early Iron Aage date, containing pottery, mainly produced in local clays, some of which carried finger-tip decoration and quern fragments. The site forms part of a larger settlement, part of which survives outside the quarry; although it appears to be unenclosed. To the north of the site was a scatter of Iron Age finds. \par\b 2 \b0 Aerial photographs showing the extent of quarrying atop Church Hill. \par\b 3 \b0 The extent of this site as mapped is not exact, but based on the extent of quarrying identified in this area, mainly seen as scars on Aerial photographs. It should therefore be treated as approximate. \par\b 4 \b0 A probably Post Medieval quarry is visible as earthworks on Aerial photographs taken in 1947 and is still visible as earthworks on Aerial photographs taken in 1999. The site is defined by an area of undulating and disturbed ground. The quarries are likely to have been dug to extract Marlstone which is shown on the geological map at this location. This site has been mapped from Aerial photographs as part of the South East Warwickshire and Cotswolds HLS Target Areas National Mapping Programme. . \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Sources \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Aerial Photograph\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql SP2385\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 30/06/77\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 263\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql SP2385\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Excavation Report\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Excavation, Church Hill, Burton Dassett\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Booth P\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1989\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 3\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Verbal communication\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Pers. Comm. Giles Carey\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql G Carey\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2009-2014\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Word or Phrase\b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql\b Description\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Earthwork \cell\pard\intbl\ql Earthworks can take the form of banks, ditches and mounds. They are usually created for a specific purpose. A bank, for example, might be the remains of a boundary between two or more fields. Some earthworks may be all that remains of a collapsed building, for example, the grassed-over remains of building foundations. \par\parIn the winter, when the sun is lower in the sky than during the other seasons, earthworks have larger shadows. From the air, archaeologists are able to see the patterns of the earthworks more easily. Earthworks can sometimes be confusing when viewed at ground level, but from above, the general plan is much clearer. \par\parArchaeologists often carry out an aerial survey or an earthwork survey to help them understand the lumps and bumps they can see on the ground.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Excavation (also known as 'digging')\cell\pard\intbl\ql Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use. \par\parDepending on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery. Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench.[more] \par\parAn important part of any archaeological excavation is the recording of artefacts and deposits with measurements, plans and photographs. Archaeologists are just as interested in finding information about the context of artefacts as they are in the artefacts themselves. \par\parDuring an excavation, archaeologists will recover many kinds of samples. In addition to recording common artefacts, such as pieces of pottery, archaeologists take environmental samples. This is done so that they can find other materials such as pollen, plant parts, human and animal bone, and shell.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Aerial Survey/Aerial Photographs\cell\pard\intbl\ql Aerial photographs are taken during an aerial survey, which involves looking at the ground from above. It is usually easier to see cropmarks and earthworks when they are viewed from above. Aerial photographs help archaeologists to record what they see and to identify new sites. There are two kinds of aerial photographs; oblique and vertical.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Iron Age\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 800 BC to 43 AD\par\parThe Iron Age comes after the Bronze Age and before the Roman period. It is a time when people developed the skills and knowledge to work and use iron, hence the name ‘Iron Age’ which is given to this period. Iron is a much tougher and more durable metal than bronze but it also requires more skill to make objects from it. People continued to use bronze during this period.[more]\par\parIn Warwickshire, as in other areas of Britain, the Iron Age seemed to be a time when people were involved in dividing up the land with territorial boundaries. \parSome archaeologists think that the land boundaries of this period were made by groups of people who were organised into tribes. These boundaries can take the form of pit alignments or linear banks and/or ditches, sometimes accompanied by palisades. \par\parAmongst the sites in Warwickshire are a complex of pit alignments and linear ditches on Dunsmore Heath and a large complex of ditches known as Hobditch in the parishes of Tanworth in Arden and Ullenhall.\par\parThe Iron Age is also characterised by hillforts, although the construction of some of these monuments had begun in the Bronze Age. Warwickshire examples include Meon Hill, Wappenbury and Nadbury which all survive as earthworks. Enclosed settlements are also a feature of this period and usually incorporate round houses.\par\parIt is during the Iron Age that people started using currency bars, long bars of iron, often shaped like a sword. The bars may have been used to trade with, being given in exchange for goods and other objects. Some archaeologists think that they were also used in rituals. Currency bars found at three Warwickshire sites had all been placed in boundary ditches surrounding either enclosed settlements or hillforts. The hoard of currency bars discovered at Meon Hill, in the parish of Quinton, in 1824, is the largest hoard in Britain, containing 394 iron ingots. \par\parThe first coins to be found in Britain date to the Iron Age. Just over 30 Iron Age coins have been found in Warwickshire. They are sometimes called ‘staters’. Gold coins began to be used in the south-east of Britain from at least 250 BC and they gradually spread northwards. The coins had a very high value and were probably not used in the same way that we use money today for day-to-day purchases. Iron Age coins were probably exchanged between high-ranking people as gifts. \par\parArchaeologists often find broken pieces of pottery, called 'sherds', when they excavate Iron Age sites. Throughout much of the Iron Age period pots were handmade from local clay and fired in bonfire kilns. Pots were used for cooking, for serving food and eating out of. Cooking pots were not usually decorated or polished. Serving bowls, on the other hand, were sometimes highly decorated and polished by burnishing (rubbing to achieve a glossy surface) before being fired. \parPeople made different types of pots or decorated them in distinctive ways in different parts of Britain. \par\parTowards the end of the Iron Age people started changing the way in which they made their pots. The new and modified shapes of the pots suggest that people were cooking new foods being imported from northern Europe. These new types of pot were also different because they were wheel-made. In earlier times pots had been handmade. \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Post Medieval\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 1540 AD to 1750 AD (the 16th century AD to the 18th century AD)\par\parThe Post Medieval period comes after the medieval period and before the Imperial period.\par\parThis period covers the second half of the reign of the Tudors (1485 – 1603), the reign of the Stuarts (1603 – 1702) and the beginning of the reign of the Hannoverians (1714 – 1836).[more]\par\parIn the early part of the Post Medieval period the population of the country was increasing and towns started to grow in size. People still built their houses as they had done during the Medieval period, with timber frames and thatched roofs. These types of houses still survive in some towns in Warwickshire, such as Henley in Arden. \par\parIn 1694 a huge fire swept through Warwick, destroying two of the town’s main streets and large parts of St Mary’s Church. As a result of this, and fires elsewhere, regulations were brought in about new buildings. They had to be built in brick with tile roofs.\par\parThis period also saw changes to the countryside as a result of an increase in the population. These changes were largely a result of new systems of farming that were introduced in order to produce the larger yields of crops needed to feed the growing population. The most notable change to the appearance of the landscape was the enclosing of the open fields with boundaries. Private Acts of Parliament were needed in order for the fields to be enclosed, hence the name ‘parliamentary enclosure’ given to this type of field pattern.\par\parThis period also saw the rise of the country house, sometimes called ‘prodigious’ or ‘prodigy’ houses. The development of these large country houses really began during the late medieval period under Henry VIII but it reached its peak during the Elizabethan era (1558 to 1603). These houses were usually large enough to accommodate the entire king or queen’s court whilst it was travelling around the country as well as other aristocratic travellers. The houses are often characterised by their symmetrical layout, decorative chimneys, large windows and the use of columns and arches. Built mainly of brick or stone, the country houses were surrounded by gardens and parks, making up large estates. Together, the houses and their grounds reflect the huge wealth of a small number of English families in this period. Warwickshire examples include Compton Wynyates House and Charlecote Hall, both originally built during the Tudor period, and Packington Hall and Upton House, both built during the reign of the Stuarts.\par\parSome of the major events in English history that took place in this period have connections with Warwickshire. \par\parIn 1605 there was an attempt to blow up parliament. The gunpowder that was intended to cause the explosion was discovered in the cellars below the House of Lords. The men who organised the Gunpowder Plot are supposed to have waited in a house in Dunchurch to hear whether the plot had worked. It was in this house that they heard that Guy Fawkes had been arrested. The building is now known as Guy Fawkes House.\par\parThe first battle of the English Civil War took place at Edge Hill, in the south of the county, in 1642. The battle was between the Royalists (also known as Cavaliers) who supported King Charles I (1625 – 1649) and the Parliamentarians (also known as the Roundheads). \par\parThe Civil War started because Charles and his troops attempted to attack Scotland because they would not accept his reforms to the Scottish church. Parliament did not support this attack on Scotland and so Charles dismissed Parliament. The attack on Scotland was unsuccessful, however, and Charles was forced to recall Parliament. \parTensions between Charles and Parliament remained high. When Charles’ troops were unsuccessful in trying to arrest five members of Parliament in January 1642 the king left London. Both he and parliament began to stockpile military resources and parliament began to stockpile military resources and recruit troops.\par \parAt the Battle of Edgehill, The Royalists gathered on the top of the hill with about 14,000 troops. The Parliamentarians camped at the bottom of the hill, near Kineton, with a similar number of men. The Cavaliers attacked the Parliamentarians first but as the battle went on it became more and more disorganised as the soldiers gradually became exhausted. Eventually, the fighting stopped and the two armies parted. Neither side really won the battle. \par\parA large number of musket balls and the odd canon ball have been found at the battlefield site. There are two mounds in the area of the battlefield that may be where the dead soldiers were buried. The Battlefield of Edgehill is a Registered Battlefield.\par\parOther connections with the Civil War can be found in Warwickshire, for example, at Compton Wynyates House. The house was seized and occupied by the Parliamentarians. The owner unsuccessfully tried to recapture the house in 1644, during which it suffered a great deal of damage.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SITE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SETTLEMENT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A small concentration of dwellings.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FEATURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Areas of indeterminate function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql CHURCH\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building used for public Christian worship. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PIT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of excavation. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql QUARRY\cell\pard\intbl\ql An excavation from which stone for building and other functions, is obtained by cutting, blasting, etc.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TARGET\cell\pard\intbl\ql Any structure or object, used for the purpose of practice shooting by aerial, seaborne or land mounted weapons.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql POST HOLE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A hole dug to provide a firm base for an upright post, often with stone packing. Use broader monument type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql EARTHWORK\cell\pard\intbl\ql A bank or mound of earth used as a rampart or fortification.\cell\pard\intbl\row } }
Take the Timetrail with Warwickshire Museum