{\rtf1 {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green50\blue142;} {\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}} {\info{\title Test}{\author WCC HER}} {\footer\pard\ql\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brsp100\fs16 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council \par} \par\f0\fs32\qc\b WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD \b0\fs24 { \par\par\fs26 \trowd\trhdr\trgaph30\trbrdrt\trbrdrl\trbrdrr\trbrdrb\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8290\pard\intbl\qc\b Information for record number WA8771\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row } { \par\fs20 \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Site Name and Summary \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql The site of a managed woodland dating from the Medieval period and contains earthworks including a boundary similar to that surrounding a deer park. It is located 750m south east of Birmingham Rugby Football club.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Type: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Managed Woodland\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Period: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Medieval - Modern (1066 AD - 2050 AD)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Location \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Parish: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Tanworth in Arden\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql District: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Grid Reference: \cell\pard\intbl\ql SP 09 72\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Level of Protection \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Old SMR PrefRef \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Description \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Number \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b \par\b 1 \b0 Windmill Naps is a complex wood of 33ha. The earthworks consist of large woodbanks and ditches around the two areas of probable ancient woodland, Tylers Grove to the north and Ladbrookpark Coppice to the south. Between and around these old woods are areas of woodland overlying ridge and furrow of varying sizes, probably dating from the medieval or post-medieval periods up to the 18th century and demarcated by woodbanks of varying sizes. The Coppice wood known as Ladbrookpark Coppice is divided into three separate compartments by large banks and ditches. A wood account for Tanworth of 1403-4 notes £20 received for all wood growing "intra clausur' de Lodbrookes" (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Box 102 extra information). The account clearly identifies this site as a wood. After felling the wood was (again?) enclosed. The enclosing is recorded as three separate measurments, the ratios of which are very similar to the ratios of the lengths of the surviving woodbanks. They suggest a perch of between 16 and 18 feet, which is credible. The woodland perch could vary from 15.5 to 30 feet. The 18 foot perch was common throughout England and Wales and is recorded before 1600. In Binley, Warwickshire it was still used in the 18th century. If this reasoning is correct, it tells us that Ladbrookpark Coppice probably existed in very much its present shape and size in the early 15th century; that it was divided into three compartments at that time; and that the woodbanks probably date back to at least that date. It provides evidence of the size of perch that the medieval woodmen were using there. The survey of the earthworks also reveals other features, including a double-ditched deer park-type bank along the north edge of Tylers Grove; Tylers Grove may well be the Tylhous Grove of 1373 or 1374. As the deer park bank stretches along the length of Tylers Grove, including an eastern secondary extension to that wood (marked by large ridge and furrow), it may indicate that the addition to Tylers Grove existed by the time the deer park was created, which may have been c.1350. There is another stretch of deer park-type boundary along the east edge of Ladbrokpark Coppice. There is also a probable windmill mound, 30m across, which is now buried in woodland between Tylers Grove and Ladbrookpark Coppice in the area which was once a field called Windmill Naps. (In 1373 there was a Wynmelfelde hereabouts.) As Windmills were often placed close to woods to channel the wind towards the mill in East Anglia, this mound may show that the wood (or both woods) and a functioning mill existed at the same time.Progressively smaller woodbanks mark the changing edges of the woods as trees probably crept out into underused farmland; a plan of 1707 appears to mark the small additional woodbank on the north edge of Ladbrookpark Coppice as "The New ditch". 18th and 19th century documents show that much of the new woodland on ridge and furrow (apart from the possibly ancient Tylers Grove extension) arose around the end of the 18th century, at a time when, in general, more land was being brought into intensive cultivation throughout England. The two old Coppice woods at Windmill Naps still, after two centuries, form islands of distinct woodland types, with plants like sessile oak Quercus petraea, hazel Corylus avellana, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, common cowwheat Melampyrum pratense and wild service tree Sorbus torminalis still restricted to them within the complex. \par\b 2 \b0 Discussion and analysis in to the Windhill Naps earthwork complex, illustrated with plans. \par\b 3 \b0 Revised version. \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Sources \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unpublished document\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Windmill Naps: Historical and Ecological Survey\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Sections on vegetation, history and archaeology by David Morfitt.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1989\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unpublished document\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Researching Warwickshire's Woodland History\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Morfitt, David\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1998\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1-9\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 269\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 3\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unpublished document\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Researching Warwickshire's Woodland History. Revised version 2006\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql David Morfitt\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2006\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Word or Phrase\b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql\b Description\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Earthwork \cell\pard\intbl\ql Earthworks can take the form of banks, ditches and mounds. They are usually created for a specific purpose. A bank, for example, might be the remains of a boundary between two or more fields. Some earthworks may be all that remains of a collapsed building, for example, the grassed-over remains of building foundations. \par\parIn the winter, when the sun is lower in the sky than during the other seasons, earthworks have larger shadows. From the air, archaeologists are able to see the patterns of the earthworks more easily. Earthworks can sometimes be confusing when viewed at ground level, but from above, the general plan is much clearer. \par\parArchaeologists often carry out an aerial survey or an earthwork survey to help them understand the lumps and bumps they can see on the ground.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Modern\cell\pard\intbl\ql The Modern Period, about 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)\par\parIn recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related.[more]\par\parOne of these events is the Second World War (1939 – 1945). The war began when Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. This happened because Adolf Hitler invaded Poland despite earlier promises that he would not. Several months later he invaded France. With the Germans sitting just over the other side of the English Channel, Britain feared that it too would be invaded. To stop this happening, defences were quickly built along the coasts and transport routes. New airfields were also built so that British planes could prevent the Germans bombing the country. \par\parArchaeological sites relating to the war are still visible in Warwickshire. Pillboxes were built to defend the main roads, canals and railways. One example exists at Butler’s Leap, Clifton on Dunsmore. This pillbox was built to defend the Oxford Canal. There is another pillbox along the same canal near Priors Hardwick.\par\parA number of new airfields were built in Warwickshire during the Second World War. Some of these were used for training aircrew. One such airfield was located at Church Lawford. At some of the airfield sites the runways are still visible, as are some of the buildings associated with the airfield such as pillboxes, air raid shelters and battle headquarters.\par\parThe end of the war came with the devastating explosion of the first nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. In the 1950s the more powerful countries in the world started to make their own nuclear bombs. This led to a period of mistrust and rivalry between Western countries (America and Britain) and powers such as the Soviet Union. This period is known as the Cold War and was a time when the threat of nuclear attack on Britain became an alarming possibility. \par\parIn order to monitor the possibility of attacks and their aftermath if they actually happened, a network of underground monitoring posts were built. Some of them were built in Warwickshire, one example being at Church Lawford. \par\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Medieval\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)\par\parThe medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.\par\parThe Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. \parThis was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. \parThe Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. \par \parThe end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages.[more]\par\parThe Normans are well known for building the first motte and bailey castles. There are a number of these in Warwickshire. Brinklow Castle and Boteler’s Castle, near Alcester, are fine examples. Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle began their long histories as motte and bailey castles.\par\parSettlement\parThe Domesday Book was written in the reign of William the Conqueror. It was completed in about 1086 AD. \parIt is a detailed statement of lands held by the king and his tenants and of the resources that went with those lands, for example which manors belonged to which estates. \parDomesday Book was probably put together so that William knew how much tax he was getting from the country. It provides archaeologists and historians with a detailed picture of the size of settlements and the population at the beginning of the medieval period. Many of these settlements were later deserted as a result of a number of causes, including changes to land tenure. In other cases the focal point of settlements physically shifted. Either way, Warwickshire is well known for the contrast in types of settlement between the Arden area of the north west and the Feldon area of the south and east. In the Arden area medieval settlements were of the small, dispersed type, whilst in the Feldon area the settlements developed into nucleated villages. Some medieval deserted settlements in Warwickshire can still be traced as earthworks. A good example exists at Wormleighton. \par\parTraces of medieval farming survive in many parts of Warwickshire as earthworks of ridge and furrow cultivation. Ridge and furrow earthworks show where the land was ploughed so that crops could be grown. The ridges and furrows formed because successive years of ploughing caused the soil to be drawn up into ridges whilst the furrows lying between them became deeper. The fields were ploughed using a team of oxen pulling a small plough, which was very difficult to turn. This accounts for why the land was ploughed in long strips and why fields were left open i.e. without hedges, fences or walls dividing up the land into smaller pockets.\par\parFarms were much smaller in the medieval period. The people who farmed the land did not own it. The land belonged to the lord of the manor. The people farming the land were simply tenants who worked a strip of land or maybe several strips. This is why medieval farming is sometimes called strip farming. \par\parTowns\parAt the time that Domesday Book was written the only town in what is now called Warwickshire was Warwick. Documentary evidence shows us that as the years went on more and more markets appeared in the county. By 1450 there were forty. \par\parThe towns that grew around the markets were different from the surrounding villages in their appearance and the type of people who lived in them. They were larger than the villages and had a more complicated network of streets and lanes. The towns had an open space in the centre where a market was held each week. The houses and workshops that lined the streets had long narrow strips of land behind them called tenements. Some historic maps show these medieval build\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql modern\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)\par\parIn recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related.[more]\par\parOne of these events is the Second World War (1939 – 1945). The war began when Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. This happened because Adolf Hitler invaded Poland despite earlier promises that he would not. Several months later he invaded France. With the Germans sitting just over the other side of the English Channel, Britain feared that it too would be invaded. To stop this happening, defences were quickly built along the coasts and transport routes. New airfields were also built so that British planes could prevent the Germans bombing the country. \par\parArchaeological sites relating to the war are still visible in Warwickshire. Pillboxes were built to defend the main roads, canals and railways. One example exists at Butler’s Leap, Clifton on Dunsmore. This pillbox was built to defend the Oxford Canal. There is another pillbox along the same canal near Priors Hardwick.\par\parA number of new airfields were built in Warwickshire during the Second World War. Some of these were used for training aircrew. One such airfield was located at Church Lawford. At some of the airfield sites the runways are still visible, as are some of the buildings associated with the airfield such as pillboxes, air raid shelters and battle headquarters.\par\parThe end of the war came with the devastating explosion of the first nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. In the 1950s the more powerful countries in the world started to make their own nuclear bombs. This led to a period of mistrust and rivalry between Western countries (America and Britain) and powers such as the Soviet Union. This period is known as the Cold War and was a time when the threat of nuclear attack on Britain became an alarming possibility. \par\parIn order to monitor the possibility of attacks and their aftermath if they actually happened, a network of underground monitoring posts were built. Some of them were built in Warwickshire, one example being at Church Lawford. \par\parMilitary monuments are not the only 20th century sites that are recorded on the Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Record. Other sites include, for example, the hydroelectric power station at Alscot built in 1912, a BBC radio transmitter site at Brinklow Heath built in 1966, and the modern memorial to the Battle of Edgehill, which was erected in 1949.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SITE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WINDMILL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A tower-like structure of wood or brick with a wooden cap and sails which are driven around by the wind producing power to work the internal machinery. Use with product type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql CLUB\cell\pard\intbl\ql A building used by an association of persons for social and recreational purposes or for the promotion of some common object.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql RIDGE AND FURROW\cell\pard\intbl\ql A series of long, raised ridges separated by ditches used to prepare the ground for arable cultivation. This was a technique, characteristic of the medieval period.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql DEER PARK\cell\pard\intbl\ql A large park for keeping deer. In medieval times the prime purpose was for hunting.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql BOUNDARY\cell\pard\intbl\ql The limit to an area as defined on a map or by a marker of some form, eg. BOUNDARY WALL. Use specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql MILL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A factory used for processing raw materials. Use more specific mill type where known. See also TEXTILE MILL, for more narrow terms.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FEATURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Areas of indeterminate function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WELL\cell\pard\intbl\ql A shaft or pit dug in the ground over a supply of spring-water.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FIELD\cell\pard\intbl\ql An area of land, often enclosed, used for cultivation or the grazing of livestock.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WOOD\cell\pard\intbl\ql A tract of land with trees, sometimes acting as a boundary or barrier, usually smaller and less wild than a forest.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql DITCH\cell\pard\intbl\ql A long and narrow hollow or trench dug in the ground, often used to carry water though it may be dry for much of the year.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql WINDMILL MOUND\cell\pard\intbl\ql An artificial mound of earth indicating either the former site of a windmill or built as the base of a post windmill.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql ISLAND\cell\pard\intbl\ql A piece of land, sometimes man-made, completely surrounded by water.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql COPPICE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A managed small wood or thicket of underwood grown to be periodically cut to encourage new growth providing smaller timber.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql MOUND\cell\pard\intbl\ql A natural or artificial elevation of earth or stones, such as the earth heaped upon a grave. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql MANAGED WOODLAND\cell\pard\intbl\ql An area of cultivated, managed woodland producing wood which is used for a variety of purposes.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql EARTHWORK\cell\pard\intbl\ql A bank or mound of earth used as a rampart or fortification.\cell\pard\intbl\row } }
Take the Timetrail with Warwickshire Museum