{\rtf1 {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green50\blue142;} {\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}} {\info{\title Test}{\author WCC HER}} {\footer\pard\ql\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brsp100\fs16 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council \par} \par\f0\fs32\qc\b WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD \b0\fs24 { \par\par\fs26 \trowd\trhdr\trgaph30\trbrdrt\trbrdrl\trbrdrr\trbrdrb\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8290\pard\intbl\qc\b Information for record number WA9007\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row } { \par\fs20 \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Site Name and Summary \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Roman features and finds recovered during excavations at Coughton Court included two pits, a ditch and substantial amounts of pottery.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Type: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Pit, Ditch\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Period: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Romano-British (43 AD - 409 AD)\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Location \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Parish: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Coughton\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql District: \cell\pard\intbl\ql Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Grid Reference: \cell\pard\intbl\ql SP 08 60\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Level of Protection \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql Old SMR PrefRef \par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Description \b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Number \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b \par\b 1 \b0 The edges of two conjoined pits were uncovered together with a possible ditch that crossed the trench (E) east-west before apparently turning south. Roman pottery was associated with both sets of features. Sufficent residual Roman pottery was found across the site to point to Roman occupation in the vicinity. A square post hole (B62) and a shallow gully (B69) may be Roman or prehistoric in date. An absence of finds confounds dating but the gully potentially has Neolithic associations. \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Sources \b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source No:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 1\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Source Type:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Excavation Report\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Title:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Excavations at Coughton Court, Warwickshire 1991\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Author/Originator:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Evans J\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Date:\cell\pard\intbl\ql 2001\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Page Number:\cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Volume/Sheet:\cell\pard\intbl\ql Report No 0111\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\ql \cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql\b Word or Phrase\b0\cell\pard\intbl\ql\b Description\b0\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Excavation (also known as 'digging')\cell\pard\intbl\ql Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use. \par\parDepending on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery. Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench.[more] \par\parAn important part of any archaeological excavation is the recording of artefacts and deposits with measurements, plans and photographs. Archaeologists are just as interested in finding information about the context of artefacts as they are in the artefacts themselves. \par\parDuring an excavation, archaeologists will recover many kinds of samples. In addition to recording common artefacts, such as pieces of pottery, archaeologists take environmental samples. This is done so that they can find other materials such as pollen, plant parts, human and animal bone, and shell.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Prehistoric\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 500,000 BC to 42 AD\par\parThe Prehistoric period covers all the periods from the Palaeolithic to the end of the Iron Age. \parThis is a time when people did not write anything down so there is no documentary evidence for archaeologists to look at. Instead, the archaeologists look at the material culture belonging to the people and the places where they lived for clues about their way of life.\par\parThe Prehistoric period is divided into the Early Prehistoric and Later Prehistoric. \parThe Early Prehistoric period covers the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. \parThe Later Prehistoric period covers Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age times.[more] \par\parIn the Bronze Age people discovered how to use bronze. They used it to make tools and other objects. Before the Bronze Age, people used materials such as stone, wood, hide and bone to make their tools and continued to do so until the present day. Wood, hide and bone are organic materials which decay so archaeologists usually only find the stone objects, hence the word ‘lithic’ (from the greek word for stone) at the end of the period names Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and Neolithic (New Stone Age).\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Neolithic\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 4000 BC to 2351 BC\par\parThe word ‘Neolithic’ means ‘New Stone Age’. Archaeologists split up the Neolithic period into three phases; early, middle and late. The Neolithic period comes after the Mesolithic period and before the Bronze Age.\par\parPeople in the Neolithic period hunted and gathered food as their ancestors had but they were also began to farm. They kept animals and grew crops. This meant that they were able to settle more permanently in one location instead of constantly moving from place to place to look for food.[more] \par\parArchaeologists have discovered some of these settlements in Warwickshire, for example at Wasperton and Brook Street, Warwick.\par\parNot only is there evidence for settlement in Neolithic times but also ceremonial sites, such as henges and cursus monuments, although these are less common in Warwickshire than in some other parts of Britain. The size of some of these monuments, and the number of people it would have taken to build them, suggest that people were living in societies that were more organised at this time. Warwickshire examples include a henge, a circular enclosure defined by a bank and ditch that was excavated at Further Lodge, Barford. Nearby, at Barford Sheds, a long, narrow rectangular enclosure is visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs. This might be a cursus monument. \par\parLong barrows, in which people buried the dead during the Neolithic period, are also uncommon in Warwickshire. One possible example exists near Thelsford Farm, Charlcote. It was identified as a rectilinear enclosure visible as a cropmark. Excavation showed that there was once an internal mound.\par\parIt was during the Neolithic period that people first made pottery. Neolithic pottery is handmade (i.e. not wheel-turned). The clay from which it is made often contains pieces of burnt flint or other stone, which makes the pottery quite coarse. The inclusion of the flint and stone helped the pots withstand very high temperatures when they were fired and when they were used for cooking on a fire. Some Neolithic pots were decorated with incised and stamped patterns.\par\parBy far the most common Neolithic remains in Warwickshire are the many flint and stone tools that have been discovered. Some of the stone axes found in the county were made of stone from Wales and Cumbria. This suggests that some sort of exchange or trade network was operating during the Neolithic period.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql Roman\cell\pard\intbl\ql About 43 AD to 409 AD (the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD)\par\parThe Roman period comes after the Iron Age and before the Saxon period.\par\parThe Roman period in Britain began in 43 AD when a Roman commander called Aulus Plautius invaded the south coast, near Kent. There were a series of skirmishes with the native Britons, who were defeated. In the months that followed, more Roman troops arrived and slowly moved westwards and northwards.[more] \par\parBy AD 47 they had gone as far southwest as Cornwall, as far west as the Welsh Border and as far north as the Humber. Although there was some conflict with the British tribes, native Britons gradually adopted some aspects of the Roman way of life.\par\parThe Romans are well known for their ability to organise building on a large scale. Because many of their buildings were made of stone, often with tile rooves, the remains survive well in many places. The Roman period is the earliest period from which there is documentary evidence, albeit in small quantities, and this also helps us to find out how they lived.\par\parArchaeologists have discovered evidence of the Romans in many different parts of Warwickshire. Archaeological sites include settlements at Tiddington and Tripontium, the Roman towns of Chesterton and Alcester, and Roman forts at Mancetter and The Lunt at Baginton. Many Roman objects, such as coins, pots and brooches have been found in the county. Some of them were imported from elsewhere in the Roman Empire. The major Roman roads known as the Fosse Way, Ryknield Street and Watling Street all run through Warwickshire.\par\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SITE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql FEATURE\cell\pard\intbl\ql Areas of indeterminate function.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql GULLY\cell\pard\intbl\ql A deep gutter, drain or sink.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql PIT\cell\pard\intbl\ql A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of excavation. Use more specific type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql TRENCH\cell\pard\intbl\ql An excavation used as a means of concealment, protection or both.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql DITCH\cell\pard\intbl\ql A long and narrow hollow or trench dug in the ground, often used to carry water though it may be dry for much of the year.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql SQUARE\cell\pard\intbl\ql An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees.\cell\pard\intbl\row \trowd\trgaph30\trleft0\trrh0\cellx2000\cellx8300\pard\intbl\ql POST HOLE\cell\pard\intbl\ql A hole dug to provide a firm base for an upright post, often with stone packing. Use broader monument type where known.\cell\pard\intbl\row } }
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