|   | excavation | Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use. 
 Depending on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery.  Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench.
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		|   | LAYER * | An archaeological unit of soil in a horizontal plane which may seal features or be cut through by other features. |  | back | 
		|   | PIT * | A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of excavation. Use more specific type where known. |  | back | 
		|   | TRENCH * | An excavation used as a means of concealment, protection or both. |  | back | 
              
              
                
                    * Copyright of English Heritage (1999)
                    