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Earthwork
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Earthworks can take the form of banks, ditches and mounds. They are usually created for a specific purpose. A bank, for example, might be the remains of a boundary between two or more fields. Some earthworks may be all that remains of a collapsed building, for example, the grassed-over remains of building foundations.
In the winter, when the sun is lower in the sky than during the other seasons, earthworks have larger shadows. From the air, archaeologists are able to see the patterns of the earthworks more easily. Earthworks can sometimes be confusing when viewed at ground level, but from above, the general plan is much clearer.
Archaeologists often carry out an aerial survey or an earthwork survey to help them understand the lumps and bumps they can see on the ground.
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HOUSE *
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A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
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KITCHEN GARDEN *
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A private garden established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.
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GAZEBO *
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A garden house situated to provide a commanding view.
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PARK *
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An enclosed piece of land, generally large in area, used for hunting, the cultivation of trees, for grazing sheep and cattle or visual enjoyment. Use more specific type where known.
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POND *
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A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.
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FORT *
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A permanently occupied position or building designed primarily for defence.
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DRIVE *
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A road/carriage way giving access from the main road to the house, stables.
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GARDEN *
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An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables and/or recreational purposes. Use more specific type where known.
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PLANTATION *
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A group of planted trees or shrubs, generally of uniform age and of a single species.
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EARTHWORK *
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A bank or mound of earth used as a rampart or fortification.
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TERRACE *
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A row of houses attached to and adjoining one another and planned and built as one unit.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)