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Cropmark
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Cropmarks appear as light and dark marks in growing and ripening crops. These marks relate to differences in the soil below. For example, parched lines of grass may indicate stone walls. Crops that grow over stone features often ripen more quickly and are shorter than the surrounding crop. This is because there is less moisture in the soil where the wall lies.
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Aerial Photograph
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Aerial photographs are taken during an aerial survey, which involves looking at the ground from above. It is usually easier to see cropmarks and earthworks when they are viewed from above. Aerial photographs help archaeologists to record what they see and to identify new sites. There are two kinds of aerial photographs; oblique and vertical.
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SITE *
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Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
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FEATURE *
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Areas of indeterminate function.
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MUSEUM *
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A building, group of buildings or space within a building, where objects of value such as works of art, antiquities, scientific specimens, or other artefacts are housed and displayed.
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ENCLOSURE *
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An area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or other similar barrier. Use specific type where known.
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GUN EMPLACEMENT *
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A fortified site in which a gun, mortar or cannon is positioned.
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AIRCRAFT *
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An aircraft, either whole or in part. Aircraft often survive as commemorative monuments, gate guardians or crash sites.
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NATURAL FEATURE *
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Use only for natural features mistakenly assumed to be archaeological or natural features with archaeological significance.
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ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY *
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A site containing one or more artillery pieces and/or rocket launchers for firing at enemy aircraft.
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BATTERY *
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A site where guns, mortars or searchlights are mounted. Use specific type where known.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)