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excavation
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Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use.
Depending on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery. Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench. more ->
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Medieval
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1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)
The medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.
The Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. This was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. The Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. The end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages. more ->
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BENEDICTINE MONASTERY *
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An abbey or priory for monks of the Benedictine order.
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GARDEROBE *
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A small latrine or toilet, usually built into the thickness of the wall of a castle or great house, with the waste dropping into a cess pit or straight to the outside.
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RELIGIOUS HOUSE *
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Use only for a monastic house of unknown status, religious order and uncertain authenticity.
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ALIEN PRIORY *
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A priory dependent on a foreign mother house. Use with narrow terms of DOUBLE HOUSE, MONASTERY or NUNNERY.
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SITE *
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Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
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TOFT *
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The place where a house stood or had once stood, often adjoining a garth or croft.
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HAMLET *
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Small settlement with no ecclesiastical or lay administrative function.
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BUILDING *
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A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.
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STONE *
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Use only where stone is natural or where there is no indication of function.
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FLOOR *
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A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known.
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PARISH CHURCH *
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The foremost church within a parish.
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PRIORY *
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A monastery governed by a prior or prioress. Use with narrow terms of DOUBLE HOUSE, FRIARY, MONASTERY or NUNNERY.
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CHURCH *
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A building used for public Christian worship. Use more specific type where known.
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ABBEY *
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A religious house governed by an abbot or abbess. Use with narrow terms of DOUBLE HOUSE, MONASTERY or NUNNERY.
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MUSEUM *
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A building, group of buildings or space within a building, where objects of value such as works of art, antiquities, scientific specimens, or other artefacts are housed and displayed.
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CELL *
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A monastic enclave dependent on a mother house.
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MONASTERY *
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Houses specifically of monks, canons or religious men but not friars.
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CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY *
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An abbey or priory of Carthusian monks.
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WALL *
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An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.
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TOWN *
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An assemblage of public and private buildings, larger than a village and having more complete and independent local government.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)