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Registered Park or Garden
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Parks and gardens that are considered to be of historic importance are placed on a register. The register comprises a variety of town gardens, public parks and country estates. The main purpose of the register is to help ensure that the features and qualities that make the parks and gardens special are safeguarded if changes are being considered which could affect them.
The gardens on the register are divided into three grades in order to give some guidance about their significance, in a similar way to Listed Buildings. The majority of parks and gardens on the Register are of sufficient interest as to be designated as grade II. Some, however, are recognised as being of exceptional historic interest and are awarded a star giving them grade II* status. A small number are of international importance, and are classified as grade I.
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Modern
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The Modern Period, about 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
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modern
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About 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
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POOL *
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A small body of water, either natural or artificial.
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LAYER *
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An archaeological unit of soil in a horizontal plane which may seal features or be cut through by other features.
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HOUSE *
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A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
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BENCH *
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A long seat, usually made of stone or wood, with or without a back.
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SITE *
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Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
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HERBACEOUS BORDER *
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A long bed planted with perennial flowers and plants.
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KITCHEN GARDEN *
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A private garden established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.
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GAZEBO *
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A garden house situated to provide a commanding view.
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CARVED STONE *
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A stone (including standing stones, natural boulders and rock outcrops) decorated with carved motifs.
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GREAT HALL *
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A large communal room often occupying the full height of the building, used for functions such as meetings, entertainments etc. Traditionally found in medieval buildings but also found in later buildings emulating medieval architecture.
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FOUNTAIN *
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An artificial aperture from which water springs. The water supply usually came from a lake or reservoir higher up in order to ensure the necessary flow and pressure. More recently fountains have been powered by pumps.
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TOPIARY GARDEN *
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A garden containing trees or shrubs pruned and trained into various geometric, zoomorphic or fantastic shapes.
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BUILDING *
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A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.
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LAKE *
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A large body of water surrounded by land.
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STONE *
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Use only where stone is natural or where there is no indication of function.
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FORMAL GARDEN *
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A garden of regular, linear or geometrical design, often associated with the traditional Italian, French and Dutch styles.
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PARK *
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An enclosed piece of land, generally large in area, used for hunting, the cultivation of trees, for grazing sheep and cattle or visual enjoyment. Use more specific type where known.
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FLOOR *
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A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known.
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STONE TABLE *
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A table made of stone, found in streets, parks, etc.
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URN *
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A garden ornament, usually of stone or metal, designed in the the form of a vase used to receive the ashes of the dead.
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FEATURE *
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Areas of indeterminate function.
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FLUE *
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A passageway, duct or pipe use for the conveyance of heat, gasses, smoke or air.
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POND *
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A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.
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GLASSHOUSE *
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A building made chiefly of glass, used to grow plants and fruit in. Use more specific type where possible.
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DRAIN *
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An artificial channel for draining water or carrying it off.
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SUNKEN GARDEN *
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An often secluded garden set below the level of surrounding ground, usually surrounded with terraces.
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FACADE *
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Use wider site type where known. Only use term where no other part of original building survives.
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DRIVE *
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A road/carriage way giving access from the main road to the house, stables.
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FORECOURT *
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The court or enclosed space at the front of a building or structure.
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ROAD *
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A way between different places, used by horses, travellers on foot and vehicles.
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WALK *
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A place or path for walking in a park or garden. Use more specific type where possible.
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PIT *
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A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of excavation. Use more specific type where known.
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PEDESTAL *
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A concrete, cylindrical pedestal on which a spigot mortar was mounted. The pedestal is often the only evidence for a Spigot Mortar emplacement to survive.
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SEAT *
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An external structure used to sit on.
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PIER *
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A structure of iron or wood, open below, running out into the sea and used as a promenade and landing stage.
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FIELD *
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An area of land, often enclosed, used for cultivation or the grazing of livestock.
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OUTBUILDING *
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A detached subordinate building. Use specific type where known, eg. DAIRY.
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ENCLOSURE *
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An area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or other similar barrier. Use specific type where known.
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WOOD *
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A tract of land with trees, sometimes acting as a boundary or barrier, usually smaller and less wild than a forest.
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BOTHY *
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Small building in which labourers, such as miners and tin workers. They are also associated with gardens where they provide on-site accommodation for gardeners and estate workers.
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TRENCH *
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An excavation used as a means of concealment, protection or both.
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SQUARE *
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An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees.
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BRICK KILN *
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A kiln or furnace for the firing of bricks.
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GARDEN *
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An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables and/or recreational purposes. Use more specific type where known.
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LANDSCAPE PARK *
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Grounds, usually associated with a country house, laid out so as to produce the effect of natural scenery
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BARN *
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A building for the storage and processing of grain crops and for housing straw, farm equipment and occasionally livestock and their fodder. Use more specific type where known.
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HEDGE *
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Usually a row of bushes or small trees planted closely together to form a boundary between pieces of land or at the sides of a road.
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STABLE *
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A building in which horses are accommodated.
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MEADOW *
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A piece of grassland, often near a river, permanently covered with grass which is mown for use as hay.
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COPPICE *
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A managed small wood or thicket of underwood grown to be periodically cut to encourage new growth providing smaller timber.
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GARDEN WALL *
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A stone or brick wall either in, or enclosing, a garden.
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GATE *
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A movable stucture which enables or prevents entrance to be gained. Usually situated in a wall or similar barrier and supported by gate posts.
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GARDEN TERRACE *
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A flat, level area of ground within a garden. Often raised and accessed by steps.
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PLUNGE POOL *
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A small cold water bath, often known as a natatio when part of a Roman bath complex.
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LAWN *
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A flat, and usually level area of mown and cultivated grass, attached to a house.
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STEPS *
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A series of flat-topped structures, usually made of stone or wood, used to facilitate a person's movement from one level to another.
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FOOTPATH *
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A path for pedestrians only.
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FENCE *
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A construction of wood or metal used to enclose an area of land, a building, etc.
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WALL *
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An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.
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RETAINING WALL *
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A wall constructed for the purpose of confining or supporting a mass of earth or water.
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WORKS *
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Usually a complex of buildings for the processing of raw materials. Use specific type where known.
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TERRACE *
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A row of houses attached to and adjoining one another and planned and built as one unit.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)