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Registered Park or Garden
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Parks and gardens that are considered to be of historic importance are placed on a register. The register comprises a variety of town gardens, public parks and country estates. The main purpose of the register is to help ensure that the features and qualities that make the parks and gardens special are safeguarded if changes are being considered which could affect them.
The gardens on the register are divided into three grades in order to give some guidance about their significance, in a similar way to Listed Buildings. The majority of parks and gardens on the Register are of sufficient interest as to be designated as grade II. Some, however, are recognised as being of exceptional historic interest and are awarded a star giving them grade II* status. A small number are of international importance, and are classified as grade I.
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SMR Card
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Sites and Monuments Record Card. The Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Record began to be developed during the 1970s. The details of individual archaeological sites and findspots were written on record cards. These record cards were used until the 1990s, when their details were entered on to a computerised system. The record cards are still kept at the office of the Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Record.
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Modern
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The Modern Period, about 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
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Medieval
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1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)
The medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.
The Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. This was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. The Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. The end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages. more ->
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modern
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About 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
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POOL *
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A small body of water, either natural or artificial.
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TERRACED GARDEN *
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A garden with one or more platforms with walks, often on different levels, usually close to the house.
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HOUSE *
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A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
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VILLAGE *
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A collection of dwelling-houses and other buildings, usually larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a simpler organisation and administration than the latter.
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BENCH *
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A long seat, usually made of stone or wood, with or without a back.
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ROTUNDA *
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An isolated building, circular in plan, generally consisting of one apartment with a domed roof, eg. Mausoleum at Castle Howard, Yorkshire.
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WEIR *
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A dam constructed on the reaches of a canal or river designed to retain the water and to regulate its flow.
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SITE *
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Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
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HERBACEOUS BORDER *
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A long bed planted with perennial flowers and plants.
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KITCHEN GARDEN *
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A private garden established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.
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FOUNTAIN *
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An artificial aperture from which water springs. The water supply usually came from a lake or reservoir higher up in order to ensure the necessary flow and pressure. More recently fountains have been powered by pumps.
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LODGE *
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A small building, often inhabited by a gatekeeper, gamekeeper or similar. Use specific type where known.
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LANDING STAGE *
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A platform, sometimes floating, for the landing of passengers and goods from vessels.
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BUILDING *
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A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.
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DEER PARK *
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A large park for keeping deer. In medieval times the prime purpose was for hunting.
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STONE *
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Use only where stone is natural or where there is no indication of function.
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FORMAL GARDEN *
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A garden of regular, linear or geometrical design, often associated with the traditional Italian, French and Dutch styles.
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PARK *
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An enclosed piece of land, generally large in area, used for hunting, the cultivation of trees, for grazing sheep and cattle or visual enjoyment. Use more specific type where known.
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BALUSTRADE *
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A row of balusters, usually made of stone, surmounted by a rail or coping.
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BOUNDARY *
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The limit to an area as defined on a map or by a marker of some form, eg. BOUNDARY WALL. Use specific type where known.
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FEATURE *
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Areas of indeterminate function.
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GARDEN FEATURE *
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Unspecified landscape feature. Use more specific type where known.
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POND *
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A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.
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PARISH CHURCH *
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The foremost church within a parish.
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ROOT HOUSE *
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A picturesque garden building decorated with tree roots, often serving as a HERMITAGE or ARBOUR.
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FACADE *
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Use wider site type where known. Only use term where no other part of original building survives.
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DRIVE *
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A road/carriage way giving access from the main road to the house, stables.
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SHELTER *
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A structure which protects an area of ground from the weather.
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ROCKWORK *
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An area of either natural or artificial stone arranged to resemble a rocky outcrop or cliff face within animal cages/enclosures of a Zoo.
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ROAD *
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A way between different places, used by horses, travellers on foot and vehicles.
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WALK *
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A place or path for walking in a park or garden. Use more specific type where possible.
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PASTURE *
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A field covered with herbage for the grazing of livestock.
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PARTERRE *
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A level space in a garden occupied by ornamental flower beds.
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WELL *
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A shaft or pit dug in the ground over a supply of spring-water.
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CASCADE *
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An artificial fall of water often taking the form of a water staircase.
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CHINESE PAVILION *
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A light, ornamental structure in a garden, park or place of recreation built in the Chinese style.
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BRIDGE *
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A structure of wood, stone, iron, brick or concrete, etc, with one or more intervals under it to span a river or other space. Use specific type where known.
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ENCLOSURE *
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An area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or other similar barrier. Use specific type where known.
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TREE AVENUE *
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A straight road lined with trees along either side, also straight lines of trees found in parkland usually leading to a landscape feature.
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BASTION *
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A flanking tower, or projection from the main walls of a defensive work from which a garrison can defend the ground in front or on the flank.
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SQUARE *
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An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees.
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SUMMERHOUSE *
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A building in a garden or park designed to provide a shady retreat from the heat of the sun.
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GARDEN *
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An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables and/or recreational purposes. Use more specific type where known.
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LANDSCAPE PARK *
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Grounds, usually associated with a country house, laid out so as to produce the effect of natural scenery
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STRUCTURE *
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A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type.
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ORANGERY *
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A gallery or building in a garden, usually south facing, used for the growing of oranges and other fruit.
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HEDGE *
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Usually a row of bushes or small trees planted closely together to form a boundary between pieces of land or at the sides of a road.
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GARDEN BUILDING *
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Includes some structures that are not strictly buildings. Use a more specific term where possible.
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STABLE *
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A building in which horses are accommodated.
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TREE BELT *
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An alignment of trees planted as part of a designed landscape. For a belt lining a road use TREE AVENUE.
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PLANTATION *
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A group of planted trees or shrubs, generally of uniform age and of a single species.
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ISLAND *
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A piece of land, sometimes man-made, completely surrounded by water.
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CROSS *
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A free-standing structure, in the form of a cross (+), symbolizing the structure on which Jesus Christ was crucified and sacred to the Christian faith. Use specific type where known.
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WALLED GARDEN *
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A garden surrounded by a substantial wall.
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SPRING *
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A point where water issues naturally from the rock or soil onto the ground or into a body of surface water.
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GATE *
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A movable stucture which enables or prevents entrance to be gained. Usually situated in a wall or similar barrier and supported by gate posts.
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GARDEN TERRACE *
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A flat, level area of ground within a garden. Often raised and accessed by steps.
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LAWN *
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A flat, and usually level area of mown and cultivated grass, attached to a house.
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STEPS *
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A series of flat-topped structures, usually made of stone or wood, used to facilitate a person's movement from one level to another.
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MOUND *
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A natural or artificial elevation of earth or stones, such as the earth heaped upon a grave. Use more specific type where known.
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FARM *
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A tract of land, often including a farmhouse and ancillary buildings, used for the purpose of cultivation and the rearing of livestock, etc. Use more specific type where known.
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FENCE *
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A construction of wood or metal used to enclose an area of land, a building, etc.
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SHRUBBERY *
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A plantation of shrubs.
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SWIMMING POOL *
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A large, manmade pool, usually lined with tiles, rubber or similar. Can be placed in the open air, eg. a LIDO, or built as part of a covered sports centre.
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WALL *
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An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.
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ORNAMENTAL GARDEN *
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A decorative garden, often landscaped, laid out with intricate flower beds and hedges, and often containing ornate sculptures, fountains and garden ornaments.
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TEMPLE *
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Use for places of worship. For later landscape features use, eg. GARDEN TEMPLE.
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RETAINING WALL *
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A wall constructed for the purpose of confining or supporting a mass of earth or water.
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DAM *
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A barrier of concrete or earth, etc, built across a river to create a reservoir of water for domestic and/or industrial usage.
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TERRACE *
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A row of houses attached to and adjoining one another and planned and built as one unit.
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