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Earthwork
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Earthworks can take the form of banks, ditches and mounds. They are usually created for a specific purpose. A bank, for example, might be the remains of a boundary between two or more fields. Some earthworks may be all that remains of a collapsed building, for example, the grassed-over remains of building foundations.
In the winter, when the sun is lower in the sky than during the other seasons, earthworks have larger shadows. From the air, archaeologists are able to see the patterns of the earthworks more easily. Earthworks can sometimes be confusing when viewed at ground level, but from above, the general plan is much clearer.
Archaeologists often carry out an aerial survey or an earthwork survey to help them understand the lumps and bumps they can see on the ground.
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HOUSE *
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A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
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SITE *
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Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
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ORDNANCE STORE *
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A building or site used by the armed forces for the storage and issuing of military stores and materials.
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LODGE *
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A small building, often inhabited by a gatekeeper, gamekeeper or similar. Use specific type where known.
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FLOOR *
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A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known.
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FEATURE *
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Areas of indeterminate function.
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COMMAND POST *
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A military building from which the guns of a battery were directed.
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SHELTER *
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A structure which protects an area of ground from the weather.
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PIT *
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A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of excavation. Use more specific type where known.
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HUT *
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A building of basic construction, usually smaller in size than a house and constructed from a variety of materials such as mud, turf, branches, wood, brick, concrete or metal. Use more specific type where known.
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FIELD *
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An area of land, often enclosed, used for cultivation or the grazing of livestock.
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MUSEUM *
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A building, group of buildings or space within a building, where objects of value such as works of art, antiquities, scientific specimens, or other artefacts are housed and displayed.
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HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY *
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An anti aircraft battery usually mounting weapons with a larger calibre ammunition such as the QF 3.75 inch (94mm) gun.
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GATEWAY *
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A substantial structure supporting or surrounding a gate. May be ornate or monumental, and have associated structures such as lodges, tollbooths, guard houses etc.
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AIRCRAFT *
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An aircraft, either whole or in part. Aircraft often survive as commemorative monuments, gate guardians or crash sites.
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STRUCTURE *
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A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type.
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STABLE *
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A building in which horses are accommodated.
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BATTLE HEADQUARTERS *
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A concrete structure designed to be the headquarters for the coordination of an airfield's defences. Constructed partially underground it was only intended to be occupied during an attack.
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FARM *
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A tract of land, often including a farmhouse and ancillary buildings, used for the purpose of cultivation and the rearing of livestock, etc. Use more specific type where known.
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ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY *
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A site containing one or more artillery pieces and/or rocket launchers for firing at enemy aircraft.
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EARTHWORK *
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A bank or mound of earth used as a rampart or fortification.
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BATTERY *
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A site where guns, mortars or searchlights are mounted. Use specific type where known.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)
