|
Listed Building
|
Buildings and structures, such as bridges, that are of architectural or historical importance are placed on a statutory list. These buildings are protected by planning and conservation acts that ensure that their special features of interest are considered before any alterations are made to them.
Depending on how important the buildings are they are classed as Grade I, Grade II* or Grade II. Grade I buildings are those of exceptional interest. Grade II* are particularly important buildings of more than special interest. Those listed as Grade II are those buildings that are regarded of special interest.
|
| back |
|
Conservation Area
|
The character of a town or village is often enhanced by its streets and buildings. Where these places are of special architectural or historic interest, they are protected by being designated as a Conservation Area. Conservation Areas vary greatly and can range from historic town centres to country houses set in parkland. Their special characteristics come from a combination of factors including the quality of buildings, the historic layout of roads and boundaries, use of characteristic building materials, the presence of trees and street furniture. All features within the area are recognised as part of its special character. Within Conservation Areas there are greater controls over demolition, minor developments and protection of trees.
|
| back |
|
Modern
|
The Modern Period, about 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
|
| back |
|
Medieval
|
1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)
The medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.
The Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. This was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. The Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. The end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages. more ->
|
| back |
|
Imperial
|
1751 AD to 1914 AD (end of the 18th century AD to the beginning of the 20th century AD)
This period comes after the Post Medieval period and before the modern period and starts with beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1750. It includes the second part of the Hannoverian period (1714 – 1836) and the Victorian period (1837 – 1901). The Imperial period ends with the start of the First World War in 1914. more ->
|
| back |
|
modern
|
About 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
|
| back |
|
SHAFT *
|
Use only if function unknown, otherwise use specific type.
|
| back |
|
HOUSE *
|
A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
SITE *
|
Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
|
| back |
|
HARD *
|
A firm beach or foreshore used for landing and loading of ships and other vessels. In more recent times hards have been reinforced with concrete.
|
| back |
|
PUBLIC BUILDING *
|
A building or group of buildings owned and operated by a governing body and often occupied by a government agency. Use specific type of building where known.
|
| back |
|
FOUNTAIN *
|
An artificial aperture from which water springs. The water supply usually came from a lake or reservoir higher up in order to ensure the necessary flow and pressure. More recently fountains have been powered by pumps.
|
| back |
|
ORNAMENTAL POND *
|
A small artificial pond of water often found in parks and gardens, for decorative purposes.
|
| back |
|
BUILDING *
|
A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
PRISON *
|
An establishment where offenders are confined. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
STONE *
|
Use only where stone is natural or where there is no indication of function.
|
| back |
|
ARCH *
|
A structure over an opening usually formed of wedge-shaped blocks of brick or stone held together by mutual pressure and supported at the sides; they can also be formed from moulded concrete/ cast metal. A component; use for free-standing structure only.
|
| back |
|
FLOOR *
|
A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known.
|
| back |
|
FEATURE *
|
Areas of indeterminate function.
|
| back |
|
POND *
|
A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.
|
| back |
|
BARRACKS *
|
A building used to house members of the armed forces.
|
| back |
|
DRAIN *
|
An artificial channel for draining water or carrying it off.
|
| back |
|
FACADE *
|
Use wider site type where known. Only use term where no other part of original building survives.
|
| back |
|
ROAD *
|
A way between different places, used by horses, travellers on foot and vehicles.
|
| back |
|
COURTYARD *
|
An uncovered area, surrounded or partially surrounded by buildings.
|
| back |
|
GAOL *
|
An institution for the imprisonment of felons and debtors.
|
| back |
|
CELL *
|
A monastic enclave dependent on a mother house.
|
| back |
|
COURTYARD HOUSE *
|
A building or buildings ranged around a courtyard on at least three sides. They occur in the Iron Age, as well as being an influential plan type of house from the 15th century onwards. Index with appropriate period.
|
| back |
|
GATEWAY *
|
A substantial structure supporting or surrounding a gate. May be ornate or monumental, and have associated structures such as lodges, tollbooths, guard houses etc.
|
| back |
|
SQUARE *
|
An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees.
|
| back |
|
COLUMN *
|
Use for free standing column.
|
| back |
|
CIVIC CENTRE *
|
A building or building complex where municipal offices and other public buildings are situated.
|
| back |
|
LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE *
|
A building which houses the administrative functions of a local authority.
|
| back |
|
HOUSE OF CORRECTION *
|
An institution for the imprisonment of vagrants and misdemeanants.
|
| back |
|
ROUND *
|
A small, Iron Age/Romano-British enclosed settlement found in South West England.
|
| back |
|
DUNGEON *
|
An underground cell, or group of cells, used for imprisonment.
|
| back |
|
SHIRE HALL *
|
A county judicial building where the Quarter Session and the Assizes for the County were held.
|
| back |
|
MARKET PLACE *
|
An area, often consisting of widened streets or a town square, where booths and stalls may be erected for public sales.
|
| back |
|
GATE *
|
A movable stucture which enables or prevents entrance to be gained. Usually situated in a wall or similar barrier and supported by gate posts.
|
| back |
|
OFFICE *
|
A building or room where business, administrative or professional activities are conducted. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
LIFT *
|
A structure consisting of a box or platform for carrying goods or passengers from one level to another. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
WALL *
|
An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
GRILLE *
|
An open grating of wrought iron, bronze or wood, forming a screen to a door, window or other opening, or used as a divider.
|
| back |
* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)