|
Registered Park or Garden
|
Parks and gardens that are considered to be of historic importance are placed on a register. The register comprises a variety of town gardens, public parks and country estates. The main purpose of the register is to help ensure that the features and qualities that make the parks and gardens special are safeguarded if changes are being considered which could affect them.
The gardens on the register are divided into three grades in order to give some guidance about their significance, in a similar way to Listed Buildings. The majority of parks and gardens on the Register are of sufficient interest as to be designated as grade II. Some, however, are recognised as being of exceptional historic interest and are awarded a star giving them grade II* status. A small number are of international importance, and are classified as grade I.
|
| back |
|
Earthwork
|
Earthworks can take the form of banks, ditches and mounds. They are usually created for a specific purpose. A bank, for example, might be the remains of a boundary between two or more fields. Some earthworks may be all that remains of a collapsed building, for example, the grassed-over remains of building foundations.
In the winter, when the sun is lower in the sky than during the other seasons, earthworks have larger shadows. From the air, archaeologists are able to see the patterns of the earthworks more easily. Earthworks can sometimes be confusing when viewed at ground level, but from above, the general plan is much clearer.
Archaeologists often carry out an aerial survey or an earthwork survey to help them understand the lumps and bumps they can see on the ground.
|
| back |
|
Modern
|
The Modern Period, about 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
|
| back |
|
modern
|
About 1915 AD to the present (the 20th and 21st centuries AD)
In recent years archaeologists have realised the importance of recording modern sites. They do this so that in the future people will be able to look at the remains to help them understand the events to which they are related. more ->
|
| back |
|
YARD *
|
A paved area, generally found at the back of a house.
|
| back |
|
POOL *
|
A small body of water, either natural or artificial.
|
| back |
|
ROSE GARDEN *
|
A garden, often geometrical in layout, or area for the cultivation of roses.
|
| back |
|
ICEHOUSE *
|
A structure, partly underground, for the preservation of ice for use during warmer weather.
|
| back |
|
CONSERVATORY *
|
A glasshouse used to grow and display tender decorative plants. May be either an extension to a house or freestanding.
|
| back |
|
GRANGE *
|
An outlying farm or estate, usually belonging to a religious order or feudal lord. Specifically related to core buildings and structures associated with monastic land holding. Use specific term where known.
|
| back |
|
PADDOCK *
|
An enclosed field for horses.
|
| back |
|
HOUSE *
|
A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
VILLAGE *
|
A collection of dwelling-houses and other buildings, usually larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a simpler organisation and administration than the latter.
|
| back |
|
BENCH *
|
A long seat, usually made of stone or wood, with or without a back.
|
| back |
|
SITE *
|
Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
|
| back |
|
HERBACEOUS BORDER *
|
A long bed planted with perennial flowers and plants.
|
| back |
|
BORDER *
|
A strip of ground forming a fringe to a garden. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
KITCHEN GARDEN *
|
A private garden established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.
|
| back |
|
BUILDING *
|
A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
LAKE *
|
A large body of water surrounded by land.
|
| back |
|
STONE *
|
Use only where stone is natural or where there is no indication of function.
|
| back |
|
FORMAL GARDEN *
|
A garden of regular, linear or geometrical design, often associated with the traditional Italian, French and Dutch styles.
|
| back |
|
PARK *
|
An enclosed piece of land, generally large in area, used for hunting, the cultivation of trees, for grazing sheep and cattle or visual enjoyment. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
BALUSTRADE *
|
A row of balusters, usually made of stone, surmounted by a rail or coping.
|
| back |
|
FLOOR *
|
A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known.
|
| back |
|
BOUNDARY *
|
The limit to an area as defined on a map or by a marker of some form, eg. BOUNDARY WALL. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
STONE TABLE *
|
A table made of stone, found in streets, parks, etc.
|
| back |
|
MILL *
|
A factory used for processing raw materials. Use more specific mill type where known. See also TEXTILE MILL, for more narrow terms.
|
| back |
|
URN *
|
A garden ornament, usually of stone or metal, designed in the the form of a vase used to receive the ashes of the dead.
|
| back |
|
FEATURE *
|
Areas of indeterminate function.
|
| back |
|
POND *
|
A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.
|
| back |
|
FACADE *
|
Use wider site type where known. Only use term where no other part of original building survives.
|
| back |
|
DRIVE *
|
A road/carriage way giving access from the main road to the house, stables.
|
| back |
|
OBELISK *
|
A tall, tapering pillar with a pyramidal top, generally square on plan. Used in England from the late 16th century as a public, funerary or garden monument.
|
| back |
|
FORECOURT *
|
The court or enclosed space at the front of a building or structure.
|
| back |
|
SHELTER *
|
A structure which protects an area of ground from the weather.
|
| back |
|
ROAD *
|
A way between different places, used by horses, travellers on foot and vehicles.
|
| back |
|
FARMYARD *
|
A yard or enclosure attached to a farmhouse, usually surrounded by other farm buildings.
|
| back |
|
WALK *
|
A place or path for walking in a park or garden. Use more specific type where possible.
|
| back |
|
WATER FEATURE *
|
A body of water, building or structure found in a park or garden used as a water supply or ornament. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
PEDESTAL *
|
A concrete, cylindrical pedestal on which a spigot mortar was mounted. The pedestal is often the only evidence for a Spigot Mortar emplacement to survive.
|
| back |
|
SEAT *
|
An external structure used to sit on.
|
| back |
|
PASTURE *
|
A field covered with herbage for the grazing of livestock.
|
| back |
|
PAVILION *
|
A light, sometimes ornamental structure in a garden, park or place of recreation, used for entertainment or shelter. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
WELL *
|
A shaft or pit dug in the ground over a supply of spring-water.
|
| back |
|
PIER *
|
A structure of iron or wood, open below, running out into the sea and used as a promenade and landing stage.
|
| back |
|
CASCADE *
|
An artificial fall of water often taking the form of a water staircase.
|
| back |
|
FIELD *
|
An area of land, often enclosed, used for cultivation or the grazing of livestock.
|
| back |
|
GAME LARDER *
|
A small building in which game is hung up and kept cool.
|
| back |
|
COACH HOUSE *
|
An outbuilding where a horse-drawn carriage is kept.
|
| back |
|
ENCLOSURE *
|
An area of land enclosed by a boundary ditch, bank, wall, palisade or other similar barrier. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
WOOD *
|
A tract of land with trees, sometimes acting as a boundary or barrier, usually smaller and less wild than a forest.
|
| back |
|
BASTION *
|
A flanking tower, or projection from the main walls of a defensive work from which a garrison can defend the ground in front or on the flank.
|
| back |
|
DAIRY *
|
A building or group of buildings used for the making, processing, storing and selling of milk and other dairy products.
|
| back |
|
CRICKET PAVILION *
|
A building adjoining a cricket pitch with facilities for players and spectators.
|
| back |
|
COLUMN *
|
Use for free standing column.
|
| back |
|
LOGGIA *
|
A covered arcade, often attached to a building, open on one or more sides.
|
| back |
|
GARDEN *
|
An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables and/or recreational purposes. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
LANDSCAPE PARK *
|
Grounds, usually associated with a country house, laid out so as to produce the effect of natural scenery
|
| back |
|
SLUICE *
|
A dam which can be raised or lowered to regulate the flow of water.
|
| back |
|
STRUCTURE *
|
A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type.
|
| back |
|
SUNDIAL *
|
A structure used to show the time of day by means of the sun shining on a 'gnomon', the shadow of which falls on the surface of the dial which is marked with a diagram showing the hours. Can be freestanding, usually on a pillar, or fixed to a building.
|
| back |
|
STABLE *
|
A building in which horses are accommodated.
|
| back |
|
PLANTATION *
|
A group of planted trees or shrubs, generally of uniform age and of a single species.
|
| back |
|
HA HA *
|
A dry ditch or sunken fence which divided the formal garden from the landscaped park without interrupting the view.
|
| back |
|
MEADOW *
|
A piece of grassland, often near a river, permanently covered with grass which is mown for use as hay.
|
| back |
|
CROSS *
|
A free-standing structure, in the form of a cross (+), symbolizing the structure on which Jesus Christ was crucified and sacred to the Christian faith. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
YEW WALK *
|
A garden walk lined with yew trees and hedges.
|
| back |
|
GATE *
|
A movable stucture which enables or prevents entrance to be gained. Usually situated in a wall or similar barrier and supported by gate posts.
|
| back |
|
GARDEN TERRACE *
|
A flat, level area of ground within a garden. Often raised and accessed by steps.
|
| back |
|
LAWN *
|
A flat, and usually level area of mown and cultivated grass, attached to a house.
|
| back |
|
STEPS *
|
A series of flat-topped structures, usually made of stone or wood, used to facilitate a person's movement from one level to another.
|
| back |
|
STREAM *
|
A natural flow or current of water issuing from a source.
|
| back |
|
MOUND *
|
A natural or artificial elevation of earth or stones, such as the earth heaped upon a grave. Use more specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
IONIC TEMPLE *
|
An 18th century garden building, designed in the style of a classical Ionic temple, used for standing or sitting in.
|
| back |
|
FENCE *
|
A construction of wood or metal used to enclose an area of land, a building, etc.
|
| back |
|
SHRUBBERY *
|
A plantation of shrubs.
|
| back |
|
WALL *
|
An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.
|
| back |
|
TEMPLE *
|
Use for places of worship. For later landscape features use, eg. GARDEN TEMPLE.
|
| back |
|
FERME ORNEE *
|
A rustic building of picturesque design, often associated with a model farm, country house or estate. Although ornamental in design they are intended to be functional.
|
| back |
|
EARTHWORK *
|
A bank or mound of earth used as a rampart or fortification.
|
| back |
|
DAM *
|
A barrier of concrete or earth, etc, built across a river to create a reservoir of water for domestic and/or industrial usage.
|
| back |
|
TERRACE *
|
A row of houses attached to and adjoining one another and planned and built as one unit.
|
| back |