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Medieval
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1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)
The medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period.
The Medieval period begins in 1066 AD.
This was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex.
The Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too.
The end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages.
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Post Medieval
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About 1540 AD to 1750 AD (the 16th century AD to the 18th century AD)
The Post Medieval period comes after the medieval period and before the Imperial period.
This period covers the second half of the reign of the Tudors (1485 – 1603), the reign of the Stuarts (1603 – 1702) and the beginning of the reign of the Hannoverians (1714 – 1836).
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Imperial
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1751 AD to 1914 AD (end of the 18th century AD to the beginning of the 20th century AD)
This period comes after the Post Medieval period and before the modern period and starts with beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1750. It includes the second part of the Hannoverian period (1714 – 1836) and the Victorian period (1837 – 1901). The Imperial period ends with the start of the First World War in 1914.
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PADDOCK *
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An enclosed field for horses.
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HOUSE *
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A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known.
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KITCHEN GARDEN *
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A private garden established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.
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LAKE *
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A large body of water surrounded by land.
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CANAL *
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An artificial navigable waterway used for the transportation of goods. Nowadays also used for recreational purposes.
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PARK *
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An enclosed piece of land, generally large in area, used for hunting, the cultivation of trees, for grazing sheep and cattle or visual enjoyment. Use more specific type where known.
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FEATURE *
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Areas of indeterminate function.
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POND *
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A body of still water often artificially formed for a specific purpose. Use specifc type where known.
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INDUSTRIAL *
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This is the top term for the class. See INDUSTRIAL Class List for narrow terms.
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GARDEN *
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An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables and/or recreational purposes. Use more specific type where known.
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PLEASURE GARDEN *
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A type of 18th century public park, with refreshment houses, concert rooms, etc.
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ORNAMENTAL LAKE *
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An artificial lake, often made by damming a stream. A common feature of landscape parks.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)
