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excavation
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Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use.
Depending on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery. Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench.
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Trial Trench
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A small regular hole that is usually square or rectangular in shape. Archaeologists dig trial trenches to discover if there are any archaeological remains at a particular location. See also excavation.
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SITE *
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Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible.
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RIDGE AND FURROW *
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A series of long, raised ridges separated by ditches used to prepare the ground for arable cultivation. This was a technique, characteristic of the medieval period.
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ALLOTMENT *
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A share or portion of land, allotted to a person, often used for growing, vegetables, fruit, etc.
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SHELTER *
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A structure which protects an area of ground from the weather.
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ROAD *
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A way between different places, used by horses, travellers on foot and vehicles.
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DEFENCE *
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This is the top term for the class. See DEFENCE Class List for narrow terms.
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GUN EMPLACEMENT *
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A fortified site in which a gun, mortar or cannon is positioned.
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SQUARE *
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An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees.
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STRUCTURE *
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A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type.
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RAILWAY JUNCTION *
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A place where two or more railway lines meet.
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* Copyright of English Heritage (1999)
